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Wie wir Entscheidungen treffen
- Hirnforschung und Willensfreiheit
- Narrated by: Gerhard Roth, Manfred Spitzer
- Length: 55 mins
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Publisher's summary
Gerhard Roth: Das Ich auf dem Prüfstand - Die Hirnforschung und ihre Sicht vom Menschen
Sendung: 10.06.2004, SWR2, Redaktion: Ralf Caspary
Gerhard Roth, * 15. August 1942 in Marburg, Biologe und Hirnforscher, ist Professor für Verhaltensphysiologie und Entwicklungsneurobiologie am Institut für Hirnforschung der Universität Bremen.
Roth entwickelt seine Auffassungen entlang von vier Thesen. Erstens: Das Gehirn ist beim Menschen nicht einzigartig, nur seine Sprache. Der Geist hat sich mit der Evolution langsam entwickelt. Sprache gehört dem Menschen an, Tiere bilden allenfalls Sätze mit zwei bis drei Worten.
Zweitens: Ohne Gehirn gibt es keinen Geist. Bewusstseinsprozesse lassen sich inzwischen durch bildgebende Verfahren darstellen, dabei können die neuronalen Aktivitäten in den verschiedenen Hirnregionen sichtbar gemacht werden. Geist und Bewusstsein sind ein Naturgeschehen, sie transzendieren nicht die Natur.
Drittens: Persönlichkeit und Charakter entstehen sehr früh mit dem limbischen System. Seine Inhalte bleiben unbewusst. In ihm wird gespeichert, was wir als gut, erfolgreich und lustvoll oder gegenteilig erfahren haben. Dieses System ist dominant, insofern frühe Verletzungen bestehen bleiben, auch positive Erfahrungen können sie nicht auslöschen.
Viertens: Wollen, Denken und Handeln werden limbisch gesteuert, sie bleiben daher großteils unbewusst. Die Willensfreiheit ist daher eine Illusion.
Manfred Spitzer: Es gibt nichts Gutes, außer man tut es - Die Hirnforschung und die Frage, was uns zum Handeln antreibt
Sendung: 04.07.2004, SWR2, Redaktion: Ralf Caspary
Manfred Spitzer, * 1958 Lengfeld, Mediziner, ist Ärztlicher Direktor der Psychiatrischen Universitätsklinik in Ulm.
Ein Stein rollt, eine Zecke lässt sich fallen, ein Fisch schwimmt hin und her. Betrachtet man dies unter dem Aspekt einer möglichen Willenssteuerung, so scheint diese immer komplexer zu werden. Mehr noch beim Menschen, zu dessen Selbstverständnis das Gefühl von Freiheit gehört. Betrachtet man menschliches Handeln genauer, fällt auf, dass es rein kausal nicht erklärbar ist. Zum Handeln gehört das Bewerten, manches scheint uns gut, anderes nicht. Dieser Rahmen entsteht durch die Verarbeitung von Beispielen, von Erlebnissen, aus denen wir etwas Allgemeines ableiten. Wir tun eher das, was uns nützt. Hierzu treten aber noch weitere Parameter, wie dies der bekannte Versuch zeigt, bei dem Probanden Geld untereinander aufzuteilen haben.
Ein unfairer Vorschlag bereitet uns im wahrsten Sinne des Wortes Schmerzen, wir lehnen ihn ab, obwohl seine Annahme mit einem zumindest kleinen Vorteil verbunden wäre. Ob man der gefühlsmäßigen Tendenz oder der Nutzenerwägung folgt, ist die Frage einer Prädisposition, die die Ökonomie beispielsweise nicht erklären kann.
In deiner Audible-Bibliothek findest du für dieses Hörerlebnis eine PDF-Datei mit zusätzlichem Material.
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