We take it as a given that Americans are politically polarized, but how do we actually know if empirically this is the case? We talk with Prof. Patrick Egan (NYU) about how we can quantify something as abstract as a political attitude, why doing so helps us understand polarization, and how all of this helps reveal opportunities where we can make progress on areas where we're most divided -- such as climate change.

Explore Pat's research and writing: https://wp.nyu.edu/egan/.

Papers and resources mentioned in the episode:

• An example of Pat's work on issue ownership is here.
• The data Pat mentioned on Americans' political attitudes since 1948 is from the American National Election Studies (ANES), which you can explore for free here.
• An example of measuring leaders' ideologies based on their roll call votes is here.
• An example of measuring ideology based on campaign contributions is here.
• Learn more about Hanna Pitkin's concept of representation in her 1972 book The Concept of Representation (helpful summary here).
• Pat's 2024 climate change paper (with Megan Mullin) is US partisan polarization on climate change: Can stalemate give way to opportunity? (appeared in PS: Political Science and Politics 57(1): pp. 30-35).
• BTW: the adage that states that headlines that pose a question tend to have the answer "no" is Betteridge's law of headlines and it's very fun.

Follow Andrea at @jonesrooy on Instagram and/or learn more at jonesrooy.com. Be sure to check out our partner show The Daily Tech News Show!

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ALS is a fatal motor neuron disease that has no cure and is estimated to affect hundreds of thousands of people worldwide. Why is a cure, or even a meaningful treatment, so elusive? We talk with data engineer, scientist, and rare disease advocate Danielle Boyce at ALS TDI about her work helping us all better understand this terrible illness. While the topic is grim, Danielle provides a lot of hope -- as well as inspiration to all of us to get involved in solving problems through data.

Follow Danielle and her amazing data & statistics tips on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/data-danielle/.

Find out more about ALS Therapy Development Institute (ALS TDI): https://www.als.net/ (and donate if you like!).

Two other resources Danielle mentioned to get involved: https://ohdsi.org/ and https://www.geoals.org/.

Follow Brooke Eby on the various social medias: @limpbroozkit.

Check out my father Robert Rooy's film about our friend John Godinet: https://www.lovingjohnmovie.com/ and watch the trailer here!

Follow me at @jonesrooy and https://www.jonesrooy.com/. Behind the Data is proud to be part of the Daily Tech News Show ecosystem. Special thanks to Tom Merritt and our producer Roger Chang!

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Oceans of numbers come pouring out at us each day about the big tech companies -- whether it's spending on AI, iPhone sales, Tesla stocks ... or, lawsuits against SpaceX by Cards Against Humanity? -- senior tech correspondent Rani Molla is on the case. We talk with her about how to make sense of all the numbers coming our way, the power of zooming out and getting the (literal and figurative!) big picture, and why her comparative literature degree has been a surprisingly huge asset in her numbers-centric work. Also, we find out about what the heck Elon is up to (at least with respect to some of his goings-on!).

Rani's articles that use satellite images:

"Before and after: Aerial photos show what being Elon Musk's neighbor can do to your land," Sherwood News

"Tesla's massive pileup: Tesla's unsold inventory is creating stockpiles you can see from space," Sherwood News

Resources mentioned:

Tesla's Form 10-K for 2024

Flourish data visualization platform

Read more of Rani's great work on Sherwood News here and follow her on Bluesky here!

Read more about Andrea here and on Instagram. And check out our partner show, the Daily Tech News Show!

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We all have ideas about how social media and misinformation are affecting us and our world. But, as our guest Prof. Joshua Tucker explains, received wisdom is not the same thing as scientific findings. Join us for a tour de force through how to break down "social media" and "misinformation" into researchable parts that can be theoretically and quantitatively studied -- as well as some seriously surprising findings about both.

Fun fact: This episode was originally going to come later in the season, but the topic is so important we decided to release it sooner.

Follow Josh and the NYU Center for Social Media and Politics at csmapnyu.org.

Josh references a lot of great research. Here are links to all the papers, reports, and books he mentions -- presented in the order of appearance!

1. Tucker et al. 2018. "Social Media, Political Polarization, and Political Disinformation: A Review of the Scientific Literature." Hewlett Foundation.
2. Persily & Tucker, ed. 2020. Social Media and Democracy. Cambridge University Press.
3. Diamond & Plattner, ed. 2012. Liberation Technology. Hopkins Press.
4. Persily, Nathan. 2017. "Can Democracy Survive the Internet?" Journal of Democracy.
5. Tucker et al. 2017. "From Liberation to Turmoil." Journal of Democracy.
6. Guess, Nagler, & Tucker. 2019. "Less Than You Think: Prevalence and Predictors of Fake News Dissemination on Facebook." Science Advances.
7. Aslett et al. 2024. "Online Searches to Evaluate Misinformation Can Increase Its Perceived Veracity." Nature.
8. Allen et al. 2020. "Evaluating the Fake News Problem at the Scale of the Information Ecosystem." Science Advances.
9. Sanderson, Messing, & Tucker. 2024. "Misunderstood Mechanics: How AI, TikTok, and the Liar's Dividend Might Affect the 2024 Elections." Brookings.
10. Allen, Watts, & Rand. 2024. "Quantifying the Impact of Misinformation and Vaccine-Skeptical Content on Facebook." Science.

You can find AJR at jonesrooy.com and @jonesrooy on IG.

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Welcome to Season 2 of Behind the Data! We're going to explore brand new topics through the powerful lens of data, find common ground on some issues that are really dividing us, and even gaze into the night sky and the deep seas -- join us for an adventure, and then some, and walk away with a brand new way of looking at the world through the shared language of data. This season you can expect episodes on misinformation, political attitudes, happiness, ALS, tech, and more.

Behind the Data is hosted by Andrea Jones-Rooy, Roger Chang is our producer, and we are proudly part of the Daily Tech News Show network!

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How do we know what career/path/decision is right for us? How can data science help? In this special season 1 finale, we are joined by Megan Hellerer, career coach to luminaries such as AOC, as well as the author of Directional Living: A Transformational Guide to Fulfillment in Work and Life to discuss why traditional career advice doesn't work, why instead we should treat our daily decisions and behaviors like data to be studied, and how, once we collect that data, to conduct hypothesis tests to find further clues about what a uniquely fulfilling life might look like for each of us.

I've always believed that data is not just some third-party abstract thing, but rather can be very personal and impactful on our own lives, and no one makes this case more strongly -- or more urgently or compellingly -- than Megan. In fact, she reminds us that sometimes the most important data we need is already right under our noses; we just need to know to look for it -- and (the really hard part) be willing to learn from it.

Get your copy of Directional Living here, learn more about Megan here, and follow her on Instagram @meganhellerer!

Find out more about your host here and on Instagram @jonesrooy.

We will return for season 2 in early 2025. In the meantime, if you've enjoyed Behind the Data, please share it with any friends and family you think also might enjoy it! And don't forget to follow the Daily Tech News Show as well.

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Is democracy in decline around the world? This is a major question on many of our minds, and luckily for us there are very smart, thoughtful people working on tracking (as well as explaining, understanding, and predicting!) exactly this. We are joined by professor Brigitte Seim, who is a project manager for the Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) dataset, which is one of the biggest and most elaborate efforts to track democracy around the world to date. We discuss how to think about turning something as abstract and unwieldy as "democracy" into a number, how to make sense of and learn from those numbers, and about her own research on the growing importance of measuring toxic political speech online to understanding the health of democracy.

This is a great episode for anyone who cares about democracy or regime type broadly, but also for anyone interested in the beautiful art and science of measurement (one of my favorite topics ever!), as well as for anyone interested in learning about a dataset that is a great place to start if you're looking for some data to practice and work with in your own curiosity-based data science journey. Enjoy!

Learn more on Brigitte here and check out her prolific research here. Read about and explore the Varieties of Democracy dataset at v-dem.net.

Learn more about Andrea here and on Instagram at @jonesrooy.

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Approximately ten billion different narratives about what happened in the recent US presidential election have emerged since said election. But how many of these narratives can be substantiated by data? How can we tell?

Political scientist Seth Masket joins us to discuss how to make thoughtful inferences from this data, how and why to be skeptical of evidence-free opinions, and the importance (just like in the last episode!!) of being thoughtful about whether our narratives are based on data or we (or others who are trying to persuade us of something) are simply trying to pick data to support our narrative(s). Stick around until the end to hear how polls did and Seth's thoughts on why everything feels so politically bad these days.

Follow and read more by Seth:

• His substack: smotus.substack.com
• His podcast: powerflour.substack.com
• His personal website: sethmasket.com

Follow Andrea at jonesrooy.com and on Instagram at @jonesrooy.

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