In the wake of the January 6th insurrection in D.C., Robert Evans and co-host Propaganda take a look at fascist insurrections throughout history. They also unpack the evolution, successes, and failures of antifascists in Italy, Germany, and Spain.

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For the last episode of Behind the Police, we discuss the history of police militarization in the United States, and where it's led us to today.

FOOTNOTES:

1. I'm From Philly. 30 Years Later, I'm Still Trying To Make Sense Of The MOVE Bombing
2. The History of Policing in the United States
3. A New History Tears Down the Myth of the Texas Rangers
4. American Police Training and Political Violence: From the Philippines Conquest to the Killing Fields of Afghanistan and Iraq
5. THE MILITARIZATION OF THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE
6. Militarized policing doesn’t reduce crime and disproportionately hits black communities
7. Multi-Method Study Of Special Weapons and Tactics Teams
8. The Growing Epidemic of Cops Shooting Family Dogs
9. U.S. spends twice as much on law and order as it does on cash welfare, data show
10. Militarization fails to enhance police safety or reduce crime but may harm police reputation
11. Police officers in the US were charged with more than 400 rapes over a 9-year period
12. 'Who will protect you from rape without police?'
13. More cops. Is it the answer to fighting crime?
14. How shows like ‘Cops’ and ‘Law & Order’ affect our views of the police
15. The Militarization of America's Police: A Brief History

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If you thought police were deadly up till this point, wait until you hear about what unionization did to the U.S. police (hint: it got a hell of a lot of the rest of us killed.)

FOOTNOTES:

1. The History of Policing in the United States
2. Study finds misconduct spreads among police officers like contagion
3. The End of Policing
4. How Police Unions Became Such Powerful Opponents to Reform Efforts
5. The unjust power of police unions
6. How Police Unions Enable and Conceal Abuses of Power
7. Minneapolis Police Union President Allegedly Wore a “White Power Patch” and Made Racist Remarks
8. Police chiefs are often forced to put officers fired for misconduct back on the streets
9. How a 50-year-old study was misconstrued to create destructive broken-windows policing
10. In New York, major crime complaints fell when cops took a break from ‘proactive policing’

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Lynching was the sharpest blade in the arsenal of white supremacy for decades, until American police replaced it with the death penalty. In this episode, Prop and Robert trace the evolution of police torture, and how the legacy of 'the third degree' persists in law enforcement to this day.

FOOTNOTES:

1. History of the KKK in Oklahoma
2. Tulsa, Oklahoma, Race Riot
3. Tulsa Timeline
4. The Color of the Third Degree: Racism, Police Torture, and Civil Rights in the American South, 1930–1955
5. ACCUSED TORTURER JON BURGE DIED LAST WEEK, BUT HIS LEGACY OF BRUTAL, RACIST POLICING LIVES ON IN CHICAGO
6. CHICAGO POLICE TORTURE: EXPLAINED

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For years protesters have chanted that the 'cops and klan go hand in hand'. Today, we discuss the very real history behind that, and how it influenced the birth of American policing.

FOOTNOTES:

1. KKK in the PD
2. The Red Summer of 1919, Explained
3. At least 2,000 more black people were lynched by white mobs than previously reported, new research finds
4. Extremist cops: how US law enforcement is failing to police itself
5. Yesterday’s Ku Klux Klan members are today’s police officers, councilwoman says
6. The FBI’s Secret Rules
7. Ku-Klux: The Birth of the Klan during Reconstruction
8. The US government destroyed the Ku Klux Klan once. It could do so again
9. Constituting whiteness: The National Horse Thief Detective Association and racial mores in Indiana, 1850–1930
10. When Watchmen were Klansmen
11. The Rise and Fall of Jim Crow

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When U.S. police departments didn't evolve out of slave patrols, they tended to form out of a desire to protect the property of the wealthy. In practice, this meant beating, murdering and arresting people who didn't want to work 12 hour days until they died.

FOOTNOTES:

1. Krypteia: A Form of Ancient Guerrilla Warfare
2. The Police Journal: Theory, Practice and Principles
3. The Beginning of American Policing
4. How Stereotypes of the Irish Evolved From ‘Criminals’ to Cops
5. REMEMBERING THE 1906 STRIKE FOR UNION IN WINDBER, PENNSYLVANIA
6. State Police were warned about possible racial bias in car searches. The agency's answer? End the research.
7. The Pinkertons Still Never Sleep

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Ever wonder how Policing started in the U.S.? In this episode, Robert and Prop trace the bloody birth of American policing, from Ancient Greece, to the slave-holding South, to the streets of Ferguson, Missouri today.

FOOTNOTES:

1. Myths and Realities of Crime and Justice
2. A Brief History of Slavery and the Origins of American Policing
3. Slave Patrols: An Early Form of American Policing
4. How the U.S. Got Its Police Force
5. Slave Patrols
6. The History of the Police
7. The History of Policing in the United States
8. Police Dog Bites Black Man
9. A Look at Urban Violence & Police Brutality in Ancient Rome

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How did American police get so violent? The answer to that question goes back centuries, to the earliest days of this nation. On this special podcast miniseries hosts journalist, Robert Evans and rap artist, Propaganda (Jason Petty) draw a straight line from the darkest days of slavery, to the murder of George Floyd and the mass violence American police meted out to their citizens this summer.

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