
Stalin
The First In-depth Biography Based on Explosive New Documents from Russia's Secret Archives
No se pudo agregar al carrito
Add to Cart failed.
Error al Agregar a Lista de Deseos.
Error al eliminar de la lista de deseos.
Error al añadir a tu biblioteca
Error al seguir el podcast
Error al dejar de seguir el podcast
$0.99/mes por los primeros 3 meses

Obtén 2 audiolibros gratis con tu prueba.
Compra ahora por $13.48
No default payment method selected.
We are sorry. We are not allowed to sell this product with the selected payment method
-
Narrado por:
-
David McCallum
-
De:
-
Edvard Radzinsky
Acerca de esta escucha
Radzinsky uncovers the startling truth about this most enigmatic of historical figures. Only now, in the post-Soviet era, can what was suppressed be told: Stalin's long-denied involvement with terrorism as a young revolutionary; the real story of how he mangled his left arm; the crucial importance of his role during the October Revolution; his often hostile relationship with Lenin; the details of his organization of terror, culminating in the infamous show trials of the 1930s; his secret dealings with Hitler, and how they backfired; and the horrifying plans he had to send the Soviet Union's Jews to concentration camps, tantamount to a potential second Holocaust. Radzinsky also takes an intimate look at Stalin's private life, and his turbulent relationship with his wife Nadezhda, recreating the circumstances that led to her suicide. Finally, Radzinsky discovers one of Stalin's elite bodyguards, who breaks 40 years of silence to give the strongest evidence yet of the conspiracy behind Stalin's death.
The Kremlin intrigues, the private worlds of the Soviet Empire's ruling class, Radzinsky thrillingly brings them to life. And the riddle of that most cold-blooded of leaders, a man for whom nothing was sacred in his pursuit of absolute might, and perhaps the greatest mass murderer in Western history, is solved.
©1996 Bantam Doubleday Dell Audio Publishing, Bantam Doubleday Dell Audio Publishing, A Division of Random House, Inc. (P)1996 Bantam Doubleday Dell Audio Publishing, Bantam Doubleday Dell Audio Publishing, A Division of Random House, Inc.Los oyentes también disfrutaron...
-
Stalin
- The Court of the Red Tsar
- De: Simon Sebag Montefiore
- Narrado por: Jonathan Aris
- Duración: 27 h y 50 m
- Versión completa
-
General
-
Narración:
-
Historia
In a seamless meshing of exhaustive research, brilliant synthesis and narrative élan, Simon Sebag Montefiore chronicles the life and lives of Stalin’s court from the time of his acclamation as “leader” in 1929, five years after Lenin’s death, until his own death in 1953 at the age of 73. Through the lens of personality - Stalin’s as well as those of his most notorious henchmen, Molotov, Beria and Yezhov among them - the author sheds new light on the oligarchy that attempted to create a new world by exterminating the old.
-
-
Stalinist Tyranny
- De Kindle Customer en 12-28-19
-
Lenin
- The Man, the Dictator, and the Master of Terror
- De: Victor Sebestyen
- Narrado por: Jonathan Aris
- Duración: 20 h y 3 m
- Versión completa
-
General
-
Narración:
-
Historia
Drawing on new research, including the diaries, memoirs, and personal letters of both Lenin and his friends, Victor Sebestyen's unique biography - the first in English in nearly two decades - is not only a political examination of one of the most important historical figures of the 20th century but a portrait of Lenin the man. Unexpectedly, Lenin was someone who loved nature, hunting, and fishing and could identify hundreds of species of plants, a despotic ruler whose closest ties and friendships were with women.
-
-
Lenin totally took an extra piece of that cake.
- De John Gathly en 05-14-19
De: Victor Sebestyen
-
The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich
- A History of Nazi Germany
- De: William L. Shirer
- Narrado por: Grover Gardner
- Duración: 57 h y 11 m
- Versión completa
-
General
-
Narración:
-
Historia
Since its publication in 1960, William L. Shirer’s monumental study of Hitler’s German empire has been widely acclaimed as the definitive record of the 20th century’s blackest hours. The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich offers an unparalleled and thrillingly told examination of how Adolf Hitler nearly succeeded in conquering the world. With millions of copies in print around the globe, it has attained the status of a vital and enduring classic.
-
-
Held my interest for 57 hours and 13 minutes
- De Jonnie en 11-08-10
-
Stalin, Volume I
- Paradoxes of Power, 1878-1928
- De: Stephen Kotkin
- Narrado por: Paul Hecht
- Duración: 38 h y 47 m
- Versión completa
-
General
-
Narración:
-
Historia
Volume One of Stalin begins and ends in January 1928 as Stalin boards a train bound for Siberia, about to embark upon the greatest gamble of his political life. He is now the ruler of the largest country in the world, but a poor and backward one, far behind the great capitalist countries in industrial and military power, encircled on all sides. In Siberia, Stalin conceives of the largest program of social reengineering ever attempted.
-
-
Excellent Book But First Time Listener Beware
- De Nostromo en 03-23-15
De: Stephen Kotkin
-
The Mystery of Capital
- Why Capitalism Triumphs in the West and Fails Everywhere Else
- De: Hernando de Soto
- Narrado por: Bob Souer
- Duración: 6 h y 52 m
- Versión completa
-
General
-
Narración:
-
Historia
"The hour of capitalism's greatest triumph," writes Hernando de Soto, "is, in the eyes of four-fifths of humanity, its hour of crisis." In The Mystery of Capital, the world-famous Peruvian economist takes up one of the most pressing questions the world faces today: Why do some countries succeed at capitalism while others fail?
-
-
Good global perspective on Capitalism
- De Nellie boi en 05-29-21
De: Hernando de Soto
-
Stalin
- New Biography of a Dictator
- De: Oleg V. Khlevniuk, Nora Seligman Favorov - translator
- Narrado por: Peter Ganim
- Duración: 18 h
- Versión completa
-
General
-
Narración:
-
Historia
This essential biography, by the author most deeply familiar with the vast archives of the Soviet era, offers an unprecedented, fine-grained portrait of Stalin, the man and dictator. Without mythologizing Stalin as either benevolent or an evil genius, Khlevniuk resolves numerous controversies about specific events in the dictator's life while assembling many hundreds of previously unknown letters, memos, reports, and diaries into a comprehensive, compelling narrative of a life that altered the course of world history.
-
-
Loved it, but wouldn't want to live it
- De Neil en 01-12-20
De: Oleg V. Khlevniuk, y otros
-
Stalin
- The Court of the Red Tsar
- De: Simon Sebag Montefiore
- Narrado por: Jonathan Aris
- Duración: 27 h y 50 m
- Versión completa
-
General
-
Narración:
-
Historia
In a seamless meshing of exhaustive research, brilliant synthesis and narrative élan, Simon Sebag Montefiore chronicles the life and lives of Stalin’s court from the time of his acclamation as “leader” in 1929, five years after Lenin’s death, until his own death in 1953 at the age of 73. Through the lens of personality - Stalin’s as well as those of his most notorious henchmen, Molotov, Beria and Yezhov among them - the author sheds new light on the oligarchy that attempted to create a new world by exterminating the old.
-
-
Stalinist Tyranny
- De Kindle Customer en 12-28-19
-
Lenin
- The Man, the Dictator, and the Master of Terror
- De: Victor Sebestyen
- Narrado por: Jonathan Aris
- Duración: 20 h y 3 m
- Versión completa
-
General
-
Narración:
-
Historia
Drawing on new research, including the diaries, memoirs, and personal letters of both Lenin and his friends, Victor Sebestyen's unique biography - the first in English in nearly two decades - is not only a political examination of one of the most important historical figures of the 20th century but a portrait of Lenin the man. Unexpectedly, Lenin was someone who loved nature, hunting, and fishing and could identify hundreds of species of plants, a despotic ruler whose closest ties and friendships were with women.
-
-
Lenin totally took an extra piece of that cake.
- De John Gathly en 05-14-19
De: Victor Sebestyen
-
The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich
- A History of Nazi Germany
- De: William L. Shirer
- Narrado por: Grover Gardner
- Duración: 57 h y 11 m
- Versión completa
-
General
-
Narración:
-
Historia
Since its publication in 1960, William L. Shirer’s monumental study of Hitler’s German empire has been widely acclaimed as the definitive record of the 20th century’s blackest hours. The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich offers an unparalleled and thrillingly told examination of how Adolf Hitler nearly succeeded in conquering the world. With millions of copies in print around the globe, it has attained the status of a vital and enduring classic.
-
-
Held my interest for 57 hours and 13 minutes
- De Jonnie en 11-08-10
-
Stalin, Volume I
- Paradoxes of Power, 1878-1928
- De: Stephen Kotkin
- Narrado por: Paul Hecht
- Duración: 38 h y 47 m
- Versión completa
-
General
-
Narración:
-
Historia
Volume One of Stalin begins and ends in January 1928 as Stalin boards a train bound for Siberia, about to embark upon the greatest gamble of his political life. He is now the ruler of the largest country in the world, but a poor and backward one, far behind the great capitalist countries in industrial and military power, encircled on all sides. In Siberia, Stalin conceives of the largest program of social reengineering ever attempted.
-
-
Excellent Book But First Time Listener Beware
- De Nostromo en 03-23-15
De: Stephen Kotkin
-
The Mystery of Capital
- Why Capitalism Triumphs in the West and Fails Everywhere Else
- De: Hernando de Soto
- Narrado por: Bob Souer
- Duración: 6 h y 52 m
- Versión completa
-
General
-
Narración:
-
Historia
"The hour of capitalism's greatest triumph," writes Hernando de Soto, "is, in the eyes of four-fifths of humanity, its hour of crisis." In The Mystery of Capital, the world-famous Peruvian economist takes up one of the most pressing questions the world faces today: Why do some countries succeed at capitalism while others fail?
-
-
Good global perspective on Capitalism
- De Nellie boi en 05-29-21
De: Hernando de Soto
-
Stalin
- New Biography of a Dictator
- De: Oleg V. Khlevniuk, Nora Seligman Favorov - translator
- Narrado por: Peter Ganim
- Duración: 18 h
- Versión completa
-
General
-
Narración:
-
Historia
This essential biography, by the author most deeply familiar with the vast archives of the Soviet era, offers an unprecedented, fine-grained portrait of Stalin, the man and dictator. Without mythologizing Stalin as either benevolent or an evil genius, Khlevniuk resolves numerous controversies about specific events in the dictator's life while assembling many hundreds of previously unknown letters, memos, reports, and diaries into a comprehensive, compelling narrative of a life that altered the course of world history.
-
-
Loved it, but wouldn't want to live it
- De Neil en 01-12-20
De: Oleg V. Khlevniuk, y otros
-
Mao
- The Unknown Story
- De: Jung Chang, Jon Halliday
- Narrado por: Robertson Dean
- Duración: 29 h y 50 m
- Versión completa
-
General
-
Narración:
-
Historia
Based on a decade of research and on interviews with many of Mao's close circle in China who have never talked before, and with virtually everyone outside China who had significant dealings with him, this is the most authoritative biography of Mao ever written.
-
-
Fills many gaps! Very good..but!
- De Jene en 08-07-06
De: Jung Chang, y otros
-
The Gulag Archipelago, Volume 1
- An Experiment in Literary Investigation
- De: Aleksandr I. Solzhenitsyn
- Narrado por: Frederick Davidson
- Duración: 25 h y 56 m
- Versión completa
-
General
-
Narración:
-
Historia
Volume 1 of the gripping epic masterpiece, Solzhenitsyn's chilling report of his arrest and interrogation, which exposed to the world the vast bureaucracy of secret police that haunted Soviet society. Features a new foreword by Anne Applebaum.
-
-
Should be required reading in US schools
- De Richard en 01-01-21
-
Adolf Hitler
- De: John Toland
- Narrado por: Ralph Cosham
- Duración: 44 h y 42 m
- Versión completa
-
General
-
Narración:
-
Historia
Based on previously unpublished documents, diaries, notes, photographs, and dramatic interviews with Hitler's colleagues and associates, this is the definitive biography of one of the most despised yet fascinating figures of the 20th century. Painstakingly documented, it is a work that will not soon be forgotten.
-
-
Strange Person
- De Mark en 11-25-14
De: John Toland
-
Gulag
- A History
- De: Anne Applebaum
- Narrado por: Laural Merlington
- Duración: 27 h y 41 m
- Versión completa
-
General
-
Narración:
-
Historia
The Gulag - a vast array of Soviet concentration camps that held millions of political and criminal prisoners - was a system of repression and punishment that terrorized the entire society, embodying the worst tendencies of Soviet communism. In this magisterial and acclaimed history, Anne Applebaum offers the first fully documented portrait of the Gulag, from its origins in the Russian Revolution, through its expansion under Stalin, to its collapse in the era of glasnost.
-
-
Nice compliment to Solzhenitsyn
- De Thucydides en 08-03-17
De: Anne Applebaum
-
The Origins and History of Consciousness
- Bollingen Series
- De: Erich Neumann, R. F. C. Hull - translator, Carl Jung - foreword
- Narrado por: William Roberts
- Duración: 17 h y 38 m
- Versión completa
-
General
-
Narración:
-
Historia
The Origins and History of Consciousness draws on a full range of world mythology to show how individual consciousness undergoes the same archetypal stages of development as human consciousness as a whole. Erich Neumann was one of C. G. Jung's most creative students and a renowned practitioner of analytical psychology in his own right. In this influential book, Neumann shows how the stages begin and end with the symbol of the Uroboros, the tail-eating serpent.
-
-
My Boi JP was right
- De Anonymous User en 12-27-20
De: Erich Neumann, y otros
-
I, Claudius
- De: Robert Graves
- Narrado por: Nelson Runger
- Duración: 16 h y 47 m
- Versión completa
-
General
-
Narración:
-
Historia
Here is one of the best historical novels ever written. Lame, stammering Claudius, once a major embarrassment to the imperial family and now emperor of Rome, writes an eyewitness account of the reign of the first four Caesars: the noble Augustus and his cunning wife, Livia; the reptilian Tiberius; the monstrous Caligula; and finally old Claudius himself. Filled with poisonings, betrayal, and shocking excesses, I Claudius is history that rivals the most exciting contemporary fiction.
-
-
Unsurpassed, addictive brilliance
- De Chris en 06-09-09
De: Robert Graves
-
The Rasputin File
- De: Edvard Radzinsky, Judson Rosengrant - translator
- Narrado por: Edoardo Ballerini
- Duración: 22 h y 26 m
- Versión completa
-
General
-
Narración:
-
Historia
For almost a century, historians could only speculate about the role Grigory Rasputin played in the downfall of tsarist Russia. But in 1995 a lost file from the state archives turned up, a file that contained the complete interrogations of Rasputin's inner circle. With this extensive and explicit amplification of the historical record, Edvard Radzinsky has written a definitive biography, reconstructing in full the fascinating life of an improbable holy man who changed the course of Russian history.
-
-
Good old Radzinsky
- De Babs en 03-13-18
De: Edvard Radzinsky, y otros
-
The Whisperers
- Private Life in Stalin's Russia
- De: Orlando Figes
- Narrado por: John Telfer
- Duración: 29 h y 47 m
- Versión completa
-
General
-
Narración:
-
Historia
Drawing on a huge range of sources - letters, memoirs, conversations - Orlando Figes tells the story of how Russians tried to endure life under Stalin. Those who shaped the political system became, very frequently, its victims. Those who were its victims were frequently quite blameless. The Whisperers recreates the sort of maze in which Russians found themselves, where an unwitting wrong turn could either destroy a family or, perversely, later save it: a society in which everyone spoke in whispers - whether to protect themselves, their families, neighbours or friends - or to inform on them.
-
-
A Real Life Dystopian Nightmare
- De Timothy en 08-31-18
De: Orlando Figes
-
Young Stalin
- De: Simon Sebag Montefiore
- Narrado por: James Adams
- Duración: 16 h y 27 m
- Versión completa
-
General
-
Narración:
-
Historia
Young Stalin tells the story of an exceptional, charismatic, darkly turbulent young man born into obscurity, fancying himself a poet and a priest, and finally embracing revolutionary idealism as his Messianic mission in life. Equal parts scholar and terrorist, a mastermind of bank robberies, extortion, piracy, and murder, he was so impressive in his brutality that Lenin made him, along with Trotsky, his chief henchman.
-
-
Really Good Read/Listen
- De Jim en 02-20-11
-
Genghis Khan and the Making of the Modern World
- De: Jack Weatherford
- Narrado por: Jonathan Davis, Jack Weatherford
- Duración: 14 h y 20 m
- Versión completa
-
General
-
Narración:
-
Historia
The Mongol army led by Genghis Khan subjugated more lands and people in 25 years than the Romans did in 400. In nearly every country the Mongols conquered, they brought an unprecedented rise in cultural communication, expanded trade, and a blossoming of civilization.
-
-
Golden Horde/Platinum Listen
- De Cynthia en 12-11-13
De: Jack Weatherford
-
The House of Government
- A Saga of the Russian Revolution
- De: Yuri Slezkine, Claire Bloom - director
- Narrado por: Stefan Rudnicki
- Duración: 45 h y 9 m
- Versión completa
-
General
-
Narración:
-
Historia
On the 100th anniversary of the Russian Revolution, the epic story of an enormous apartment building where Communist true believers lived before their destruction. The House of Government is unlike any other book about the Russian Revolution and the Soviet experiment.
-
-
Inside saga of the leaders of Bolshevism & the USSR
- De Edward V. Blanchard en 11-05-17
De: Yuri Slezkine, y otros
-
Caesar
- Life of a Colossus
- De: Adrian Goldsworthy
- Narrado por: Derek Perkins
- Duración: 24 h y 46 m
- Versión completa
-
General
-
Narración:
-
Historia
Tracing the extraordinary trajectory of Julius Caesar's life, Adrian Goldsworthy covers not only the great Roman emperor's accomplishments as charismatic orator, conquering general, and powerful dictator but also lesser-known chapters. Ultimately, Goldsworthy realizes the full complexity of Caesar's character and shows why his political and military leadership continues to resonate some 2,000 years later.
-
-
Caesar and his times
- De Mike From Mesa en 08-31-15
Relacionado con este tema
-
Lenin
- The Man, the Dictator, and the Master of Terror
- De: Victor Sebestyen
- Narrado por: Jonathan Aris
- Duración: 20 h y 3 m
- Versión completa
-
General
-
Narración:
-
Historia
Drawing on new research, including the diaries, memoirs, and personal letters of both Lenin and his friends, Victor Sebestyen's unique biography - the first in English in nearly two decades - is not only a political examination of one of the most important historical figures of the 20th century but a portrait of Lenin the man. Unexpectedly, Lenin was someone who loved nature, hunting, and fishing and could identify hundreds of species of plants, a despotic ruler whose closest ties and friendships were with women.
-
-
Lenin totally took an extra piece of that cake.
- De John Gathly en 05-14-19
De: Victor Sebestyen
-
The Empire Must Die
- Russia's Revolutionary Collapse, 1900 - 1917
- De: Mikhail Zygar
- Narrado por: Simon Vance
- Duración: 22 h y 9 m
- Versión completa
-
General
-
Narración:
-
Historia
The window between two equally stifling autocracies - the imperial family and the communists - was open only briefly, in the last couple of years of the 19th century until the end of WWI, by which time the revolution was in full fury. From the last years of Tolstoy until the death of the Tsar and his family, however, Russia experimented with liberalism and cultural openness. Novelists and playwrights blossomed and political ideas were swapped in coffee houses.
-
-
An excellent look at an interesting history.
- De brian en 06-22-18
De: Mikhail Zygar
-
Stalin
- The Court of the Red Tsar
- De: Simon Sebag Montefiore
- Narrado por: Jonathan Aris
- Duración: 27 h y 50 m
- Versión completa
-
General
-
Narración:
-
Historia
In a seamless meshing of exhaustive research, brilliant synthesis and narrative élan, Simon Sebag Montefiore chronicles the life and lives of Stalin’s court from the time of his acclamation as “leader” in 1929, five years after Lenin’s death, until his own death in 1953 at the age of 73. Through the lens of personality - Stalin’s as well as those of his most notorious henchmen, Molotov, Beria and Yezhov among them - the author sheds new light on the oligarchy that attempted to create a new world by exterminating the old.
-
-
Stalinist Tyranny
- De Kindle Customer en 12-28-19
-
The Devil's Diary
- Alfred Rosenberg and the Stolen Secrets of the Third Reich
- De: Robert K. Wittman, David Kinney
- Narrado por: P. J. Ochlan
- Duración: 15 h y 9 m
- Versión completa
-
General
-
Narración:
-
Historia
A groundbreaking historical contribution, The Devil's Diary is a chilling window into the mind of Adolf Hitler's "chief social philosopher", Alfred Rosenberg, who formulated some of the guiding principles behind the Third Reich's genocidal crusade.
-
-
Fresh perspective on terrible events.
- De Sparkly en 04-20-16
De: Robert K. Wittman, y otros
-
True Believer
- Stalin's Last American Spy
- De: Kati Marton
- Narrado por: Amanda Carlin
- Duración: 8 h y 58 m
- Versión completa
-
General
-
Narración:
-
Historia
True Believer reveals the life of Noel Field, an American who betrayed his country and crushed his family. Field, once a well-meaning and privileged American, spied for Stalin during the 1930s and '40s. Then, a pawn in Stalin's sinister master strategy, Field was kidnapped and tortured by the KGB and forced to testify against his own Communist comrades.
-
-
Misplaced Loyalty
- De Joanne en 04-08-18
De: Kati Marton
-
Defying Hitler
- The Germans Who Resisted Nazi Rule
- De: Gordon Thomas, Greg Lewis
- Narrado por: Mark Bramhall
- Duración: 22 h y 1 m
- Versión completa
-
General
-
Narración:
-
Historia
An enthralling story that vividly resurrects the web of everyday Germans who resisted Nazi rule.
-
-
The Righteous Few
- De Linda en 05-19-19
De: Gordon Thomas, y otros
-
Lenin
- The Man, the Dictator, and the Master of Terror
- De: Victor Sebestyen
- Narrado por: Jonathan Aris
- Duración: 20 h y 3 m
- Versión completa
-
General
-
Narración:
-
Historia
Drawing on new research, including the diaries, memoirs, and personal letters of both Lenin and his friends, Victor Sebestyen's unique biography - the first in English in nearly two decades - is not only a political examination of one of the most important historical figures of the 20th century but a portrait of Lenin the man. Unexpectedly, Lenin was someone who loved nature, hunting, and fishing and could identify hundreds of species of plants, a despotic ruler whose closest ties and friendships were with women.
-
-
Lenin totally took an extra piece of that cake.
- De John Gathly en 05-14-19
De: Victor Sebestyen
-
The Empire Must Die
- Russia's Revolutionary Collapse, 1900 - 1917
- De: Mikhail Zygar
- Narrado por: Simon Vance
- Duración: 22 h y 9 m
- Versión completa
-
General
-
Narración:
-
Historia
The window between two equally stifling autocracies - the imperial family and the communists - was open only briefly, in the last couple of years of the 19th century until the end of WWI, by which time the revolution was in full fury. From the last years of Tolstoy until the death of the Tsar and his family, however, Russia experimented with liberalism and cultural openness. Novelists and playwrights blossomed and political ideas were swapped in coffee houses.
-
-
An excellent look at an interesting history.
- De brian en 06-22-18
De: Mikhail Zygar
-
Stalin
- The Court of the Red Tsar
- De: Simon Sebag Montefiore
- Narrado por: Jonathan Aris
- Duración: 27 h y 50 m
- Versión completa
-
General
-
Narración:
-
Historia
In a seamless meshing of exhaustive research, brilliant synthesis and narrative élan, Simon Sebag Montefiore chronicles the life and lives of Stalin’s court from the time of his acclamation as “leader” in 1929, five years after Lenin’s death, until his own death in 1953 at the age of 73. Through the lens of personality - Stalin’s as well as those of his most notorious henchmen, Molotov, Beria and Yezhov among them - the author sheds new light on the oligarchy that attempted to create a new world by exterminating the old.
-
-
Stalinist Tyranny
- De Kindle Customer en 12-28-19
-
The Devil's Diary
- Alfred Rosenberg and the Stolen Secrets of the Third Reich
- De: Robert K. Wittman, David Kinney
- Narrado por: P. J. Ochlan
- Duración: 15 h y 9 m
- Versión completa
-
General
-
Narración:
-
Historia
A groundbreaking historical contribution, The Devil's Diary is a chilling window into the mind of Adolf Hitler's "chief social philosopher", Alfred Rosenberg, who formulated some of the guiding principles behind the Third Reich's genocidal crusade.
-
-
Fresh perspective on terrible events.
- De Sparkly en 04-20-16
De: Robert K. Wittman, y otros
-
True Believer
- Stalin's Last American Spy
- De: Kati Marton
- Narrado por: Amanda Carlin
- Duración: 8 h y 58 m
- Versión completa
-
General
-
Narración:
-
Historia
True Believer reveals the life of Noel Field, an American who betrayed his country and crushed his family. Field, once a well-meaning and privileged American, spied for Stalin during the 1930s and '40s. Then, a pawn in Stalin's sinister master strategy, Field was kidnapped and tortured by the KGB and forced to testify against his own Communist comrades.
-
-
Misplaced Loyalty
- De Joanne en 04-08-18
De: Kati Marton
-
Defying Hitler
- The Germans Who Resisted Nazi Rule
- De: Gordon Thomas, Greg Lewis
- Narrado por: Mark Bramhall
- Duración: 22 h y 1 m
- Versión completa
-
General
-
Narración:
-
Historia
An enthralling story that vividly resurrects the web of everyday Germans who resisted Nazi rule.
-
-
The Righteous Few
- De Linda en 05-19-19
De: Gordon Thomas, y otros
-
Mao
- The Unknown Story
- De: Jung Chang, Jon Halliday
- Narrado por: Robertson Dean
- Duración: 29 h y 50 m
- Versión completa
-
General
-
Narración:
-
Historia
Based on a decade of research and on interviews with many of Mao's close circle in China who have never talked before, and with virtually everyone outside China who had significant dealings with him, this is the most authoritative biography of Mao ever written.
-
-
Fills many gaps! Very good..but!
- De Jene en 08-07-06
De: Jung Chang, y otros
-
Adolf Hitler
- De: John Toland
- Narrado por: Ralph Cosham
- Duración: 44 h y 42 m
- Versión completa
-
General
-
Narración:
-
Historia
Based on previously unpublished documents, diaries, notes, photographs, and dramatic interviews with Hitler's colleagues and associates, this is the definitive biography of one of the most despised yet fascinating figures of the 20th century. Painstakingly documented, it is a work that will not soon be forgotten.
-
-
Strange Person
- De Mark en 11-25-14
De: John Toland
-
Lenin's Tomb
- The Last Days of the Soviet Empire
- De: David Remnick
- Narrado por: Michael Prichard
- Duración: 29 h y 6 m
- Versión completa
-
General
-
Narración:
-
Historia
In the tradition of John Reed's classic Ten Days That Shook the World, this best-selling account of the collapse of the Soviet Union combines the global vision of the best historical scholarship with the immediacy of eyewitness journalism.
-
-
The moral complexity of a comic book
- De Tot en 02-22-19
De: David Remnick
-
The House of Government
- A Saga of the Russian Revolution
- De: Yuri Slezkine, Claire Bloom - director
- Narrado por: Stefan Rudnicki
- Duración: 45 h y 9 m
- Versión completa
-
General
-
Narración:
-
Historia
On the 100th anniversary of the Russian Revolution, the epic story of an enormous apartment building where Communist true believers lived before their destruction. The House of Government is unlike any other book about the Russian Revolution and the Soviet experiment.
-
-
Inside saga of the leaders of Bolshevism & the USSR
- De Edward V. Blanchard en 11-05-17
De: Yuri Slezkine, y otros
-
Vasily Grossman and the Soviet Century
- De: Alexandra Popoff
- Narrado por: Stefan Rudnicki
- Duración: 15 h y 44 m
- Versión completa
-
General
-
Narración:
-
Historia
If Vasily Grossman's 1961 masterpiece, Life and Fate, had been published during his lifetime, it would have reached the world together with Pasternak's Doctor Zhivago and before Solzhenitsyn's Gulag. But Life and Fate was seized by the Russian KGB. When it emerged posthumously, decades later, it was recognized as the War and Peace of the 20th century.
-
-
What? Nazism = communism?
- De James Messelbeck en 06-25-19
De: Alexandra Popoff
-
Trotsky
- Downfall of a Revolutionary
- De: Bertrand M. Patenaude
- Narrado por: Matthew Waterson
- Duración: 12 h y 48 m
- Versión completa
-
General
-
Narración:
-
Historia
In Trotsky: Downfall of a Revolutionary, Stanford University lecturer Bertrand M. Patenaude tells the dramatic story of Leon Trotsky's final years in exile in Mexico. Shedding new light on Trotsky's tumultuous friendship with painter Diego Rivera, his affair with Rivera’s wife Frida Kahlo, and his torment as his family and comrades become victims of the Great Terror, Trotsky: Downfall ofa Revolutionary brilliantly illuminates the fateful and dramatic life of one of history's most famous yet elusive figures.
-
-
Good Trotsky Book, BAD conclusions at end
- De Darius en 02-09-15
-
Young Stalin
- De: Simon Sebag Montefiore
- Narrado por: James Adams
- Duración: 16 h y 27 m
- Versión completa
-
General
-
Narración:
-
Historia
Young Stalin tells the story of an exceptional, charismatic, darkly turbulent young man born into obscurity, fancying himself a poet and a priest, and finally embracing revolutionary idealism as his Messianic mission in life. Equal parts scholar and terrorist, a mastermind of bank robberies, extortion, piracy, and murder, he was so impressive in his brutality that Lenin made him, along with Trotsky, his chief henchman.
-
-
Really Good Read/Listen
- De Jim en 02-20-11
-
Paris
- After the Liberation 1944-1949
- De: Antony Beevor, Artemis Cooper
- Narrado por: John Curless
- Duración: 18 h y 12 m
- Versión completa
-
General
-
Narración:
-
Historia
In this brilliant synthesis of social, political, and cultural history, Antony Beevor and Artemis Cooper present a vivid and compelling portrayal of the City of Lights after its liberation. Paris became the diplomatic battleground in the opening stages of the Cold War.
-
-
Worthwhile listen
- De DanBudda en 07-27-16
De: Antony Beevor, y otros
-
Prague Winter
- A Personal Story of Remembrance and War, 1937-1948
- De: Madeleine Albright
- Narrado por: Madeleine Albright
- Duración: 15 h y 23 m
- Versión completa
-
General
-
Narración:
-
Historia
Before Madeleine Albright turned twelve, her life was shaken by the Nazi invasion of Czechoslovakia—the country where she was born—the Battle of Britain, the near total destruction of European Jewry, the Allied victory in World War II, the rise of communism, and the onset of the Cold War. Albright's experiences, and those of her family, provide a lens through which to view the most tumultuous dozen years in modern history.
-
-
History from a Personal Perspective
- De Jeanette Finan en 02-22-13
-
HHhH
- De: Laurent Binet
- Narrado por: John Lee
- Duración: 10 h y 48 m
- Versión completa
-
General
-
Narración:
-
Historia
HHhH: "Himmlers Hirn heisst Heydrich," or "Himmler's brain is called Heydrich." The most dangerous man in Hitler's cabinet, Reinhard Heydrich was known as the "Butcher of Prague." He was feared by all and loathed by most. With his cold Aryan features and implacable cruelty, Heydrich seemed indestructible-until two men, a Slovak and a Czech recruited by the British secret service-killed him in broad daylight on a bustling street in Prague, and thus changed the course of History.
-
-
Himlers Hirn heisst Heydrich
- De Darwin8u en 02-02-13
De: Laurent Binet
-
Indian Summer
- The Secret History of the End of an Empire
- De: Alex von Tunzelmann
- Narrado por: Nicola Barber
- Duración: 15 h y 20 m
- Versión completa
-
General
-
Narración:
-
Historia
At the stroke of midnight on August 15, 1947, the British Empire withdrew from India, igniting the exhilaration and turmoil of a newly free society. In this vivid, atmospheric popular history, Alex von Tunzelmann chronicles these times through the most prominent figures.
-
-
Such an interesting piece of History made easy
- De Eric en 01-23-12
-
Rasputin
- Faith, Power, and the Twilight of the Romanovs
- De: Douglas Smith
- Narrado por: PJ Ochlan
- Duración: 33 h y 3 m
- Versión completa
-
General
-
Narración:
-
Historia
Rasputin separates fact from fiction to reveal the real life of one of history's most alluring figures. Drawing on a wealth of forgotten documents from archives in seven countries, Smith presents Rasputin in all his complexity - man of God, voice of peace, loyal subject, adulterer, drunkard. Rasputin is not just a definitive biography of an extraordinary and legendary man, but a fascinating portrait of the twilight of imperial Russia as it lurched toward catastrophe.
-
-
A story that deserves a better narrator.
- De James en 01-27-18
De: Douglas Smith
Las personas que vieron esto también vieron...
-
Stalin
- The Court of the Red Tsar
- De: Simon Sebag Montefiore
- Narrado por: Jonathan Aris
- Duración: 27 h y 50 m
- Versión completa
-
General
-
Narración:
-
Historia
In a seamless meshing of exhaustive research, brilliant synthesis and narrative élan, Simon Sebag Montefiore chronicles the life and lives of Stalin’s court from the time of his acclamation as “leader” in 1929, five years after Lenin’s death, until his own death in 1953 at the age of 73. Through the lens of personality - Stalin’s as well as those of his most notorious henchmen, Molotov, Beria and Yezhov among them - the author sheds new light on the oligarchy that attempted to create a new world by exterminating the old.
-
-
Stalinist Tyranny
- De Kindle Customer en 12-28-19
-
Stalin, Volume I
- Paradoxes of Power, 1878-1928
- De: Stephen Kotkin
- Narrado por: Paul Hecht
- Duración: 38 h y 47 m
- Versión completa
-
General
-
Narración:
-
Historia
Volume One of Stalin begins and ends in January 1928 as Stalin boards a train bound for Siberia, about to embark upon the greatest gamble of his political life. He is now the ruler of the largest country in the world, but a poor and backward one, far behind the great capitalist countries in industrial and military power, encircled on all sides. In Siberia, Stalin conceives of the largest program of social reengineering ever attempted.
-
-
Excellent Book But First Time Listener Beware
- De Nostromo en 03-23-15
De: Stephen Kotkin
-
Stalin
- New Biography of a Dictator
- De: Oleg V. Khlevniuk, Nora Seligman Favorov - translator
- Narrado por: Peter Ganim
- Duración: 18 h
- Versión completa
-
General
-
Narración:
-
Historia
This essential biography, by the author most deeply familiar with the vast archives of the Soviet era, offers an unprecedented, fine-grained portrait of Stalin, the man and dictator. Without mythologizing Stalin as either benevolent or an evil genius, Khlevniuk resolves numerous controversies about specific events in the dictator's life while assembling many hundreds of previously unknown letters, memos, reports, and diaries into a comprehensive, compelling narrative of a life that altered the course of world history.
-
-
Loved it, but wouldn't want to live it
- De Neil en 01-12-20
De: Oleg V. Khlevniuk, y otros
-
Rasputin
- Faith, Power, and the Twilight of the Romanovs
- De: Douglas Smith
- Narrado por: PJ Ochlan
- Duración: 33 h y 3 m
- Versión completa
-
General
-
Narración:
-
Historia
Rasputin separates fact from fiction to reveal the real life of one of history's most alluring figures. Drawing on a wealth of forgotten documents from archives in seven countries, Smith presents Rasputin in all his complexity - man of God, voice of peace, loyal subject, adulterer, drunkard. Rasputin is not just a definitive biography of an extraordinary and legendary man, but a fascinating portrait of the twilight of imperial Russia as it lurched toward catastrophe.
-
-
A story that deserves a better narrator.
- De James en 01-27-18
De: Douglas Smith
-
The Great Transformation
- China’s Road from Revolution to Reform
- De: Chen Jian, Odd Arne Westad
- Narrado por: Feodor Chin
- Duración: 14 h
- Versión completa
-
General
-
Narración:
-
Historia
Odd Arne Westad and Chen Jian chronicle how an impoverished and terrorized China experienced radical political changes in the long 1970s and how ordinary people broke free from the beliefs that had shaped their lives during Mao’s Cultural Revolution. These changes, and the unprecedented and sustained economic growth that followed, transformed China and the world.
-
-
greqt book
- De cynthia26yang en 03-17-25
De: Chen Jian, y otros
-
Young Stalin
- De: Simon Sebag Montefiore
- Narrado por: James Adams
- Duración: 16 h y 27 m
- Versión completa
-
General
-
Narración:
-
Historia
Young Stalin tells the story of an exceptional, charismatic, darkly turbulent young man born into obscurity, fancying himself a poet and a priest, and finally embracing revolutionary idealism as his Messianic mission in life. Equal parts scholar and terrorist, a mastermind of bank robberies, extortion, piracy, and murder, he was so impressive in his brutality that Lenin made him, along with Trotsky, his chief henchman.
-
-
Really Good Read/Listen
- De Jim en 02-20-11
-
Stalin
- The Court of the Red Tsar
- De: Simon Sebag Montefiore
- Narrado por: Jonathan Aris
- Duración: 27 h y 50 m
- Versión completa
-
General
-
Narración:
-
Historia
In a seamless meshing of exhaustive research, brilliant synthesis and narrative élan, Simon Sebag Montefiore chronicles the life and lives of Stalin’s court from the time of his acclamation as “leader” in 1929, five years after Lenin’s death, until his own death in 1953 at the age of 73. Through the lens of personality - Stalin’s as well as those of his most notorious henchmen, Molotov, Beria and Yezhov among them - the author sheds new light on the oligarchy that attempted to create a new world by exterminating the old.
-
-
Stalinist Tyranny
- De Kindle Customer en 12-28-19
-
Stalin, Volume I
- Paradoxes of Power, 1878-1928
- De: Stephen Kotkin
- Narrado por: Paul Hecht
- Duración: 38 h y 47 m
- Versión completa
-
General
-
Narración:
-
Historia
Volume One of Stalin begins and ends in January 1928 as Stalin boards a train bound for Siberia, about to embark upon the greatest gamble of his political life. He is now the ruler of the largest country in the world, but a poor and backward one, far behind the great capitalist countries in industrial and military power, encircled on all sides. In Siberia, Stalin conceives of the largest program of social reengineering ever attempted.
-
-
Excellent Book But First Time Listener Beware
- De Nostromo en 03-23-15
De: Stephen Kotkin
-
Stalin
- New Biography of a Dictator
- De: Oleg V. Khlevniuk, Nora Seligman Favorov - translator
- Narrado por: Peter Ganim
- Duración: 18 h
- Versión completa
-
General
-
Narración:
-
Historia
This essential biography, by the author most deeply familiar with the vast archives of the Soviet era, offers an unprecedented, fine-grained portrait of Stalin, the man and dictator. Without mythologizing Stalin as either benevolent or an evil genius, Khlevniuk resolves numerous controversies about specific events in the dictator's life while assembling many hundreds of previously unknown letters, memos, reports, and diaries into a comprehensive, compelling narrative of a life that altered the course of world history.
-
-
Loved it, but wouldn't want to live it
- De Neil en 01-12-20
De: Oleg V. Khlevniuk, y otros
-
Rasputin
- Faith, Power, and the Twilight of the Romanovs
- De: Douglas Smith
- Narrado por: PJ Ochlan
- Duración: 33 h y 3 m
- Versión completa
-
General
-
Narración:
-
Historia
Rasputin separates fact from fiction to reveal the real life of one of history's most alluring figures. Drawing on a wealth of forgotten documents from archives in seven countries, Smith presents Rasputin in all his complexity - man of God, voice of peace, loyal subject, adulterer, drunkard. Rasputin is not just a definitive biography of an extraordinary and legendary man, but a fascinating portrait of the twilight of imperial Russia as it lurched toward catastrophe.
-
-
A story that deserves a better narrator.
- De James en 01-27-18
De: Douglas Smith
-
The Great Transformation
- China’s Road from Revolution to Reform
- De: Chen Jian, Odd Arne Westad
- Narrado por: Feodor Chin
- Duración: 14 h
- Versión completa
-
General
-
Narración:
-
Historia
Odd Arne Westad and Chen Jian chronicle how an impoverished and terrorized China experienced radical political changes in the long 1970s and how ordinary people broke free from the beliefs that had shaped their lives during Mao’s Cultural Revolution. These changes, and the unprecedented and sustained economic growth that followed, transformed China and the world.
-
-
greqt book
- De cynthia26yang en 03-17-25
De: Chen Jian, y otros
-
Young Stalin
- De: Simon Sebag Montefiore
- Narrado por: James Adams
- Duración: 16 h y 27 m
- Versión completa
-
General
-
Narración:
-
Historia
Young Stalin tells the story of an exceptional, charismatic, darkly turbulent young man born into obscurity, fancying himself a poet and a priest, and finally embracing revolutionary idealism as his Messianic mission in life. Equal parts scholar and terrorist, a mastermind of bank robberies, extortion, piracy, and murder, he was so impressive in his brutality that Lenin made him, along with Trotsky, his chief henchman.
-
-
Really Good Read/Listen
- De Jim en 02-20-11
Lo que los oyentes dicen sobre Stalin
Con calificación alta para:
Reseñas - Selecciona las pestañas a continuación para cambiar el origen de las reseñas.
-
Total
-
Ejecución
-
Historia
- Amazon Customer
- 09-27-24
How instilling fear creates dictatorship
I liked the narrative. The accuracy of the history Probably the most accurate story of Stalin’s life
Se ha producido un error. Vuelve a intentarlo dentro de unos minutos.
Has calificado esta reseña.
Reportaste esta reseña
-
Total
- Amazon Customer
- 11-08-04
A chillling tale of terror
It chills your spine to hear of Stalin's cruelty to his people and to his loyal servants. To live under Stalin must have been an experience from Alice in Wonderland where yes meant no and no yes. Talk about walking on egg shells; working with Stalin was simply risking your life every day, not knowing when he would turn on you for a trifle. I enjoyed the author's research in the now opened Stalin era archives and his honesty about how they have been cleansed so that one cannot take the documents at their face value. Many have been removed.
This was a fine companion to my listening to the Gulag Archipeligo.
Se ha producido un error. Vuelve a intentarlo dentro de unos minutos.
Has calificado esta reseña.
Reportaste esta reseña
esto le resultó útil a 7 personas
-
Total
- Jim
- 03-06-11
A Worthwhile Listen/Read
First listen to Young Stalin by Montefiore, to get the most details of Stalin's amazing first thirty years. Then read Radzinsky, who does not write as much detail but speculates about Stalin's motives and personality from a Russian perspective. The two compliment one another like peanut butter and chocolate.
Se ha producido un error. Vuelve a intentarlo dentro de unos minutos.
Has calificado esta reseña.
Reportaste esta reseña
esto le resultó útil a 2 personas
-
Total
- Moon Man
- 05-01-05
A Great Book About a Great Tyrant
I have been a periodic reader of Soviet history for the past three decades. With the opening of the various secret Soviet archives to certain researchers came the possiblity of better understanding of that which had only been speculated in the past, the "back-story" history of the revolution and the coming to power of Lenin and the Bolsheviks, and the succession of Koba Stalin. Prior to Radzinsky's book, I had read Dmitri Volkogonov's definitive history - STALIN: TRIUMPH AND TRAGEDY. Radzinsky's book brings, I believe, a more coherant and understandble story of Stalin's rise. Which author, Volkogonov or Radzinsky, is more correct in their presentation of Stalin? I cannot say. For the most part, their stories are complementary. I found Radzinsky to be more readable, more organized. This is an excellent book which I recommend highly to those interested in Soviet history.
Now, about David McCallum's narration of this book: Brilliant. I have neaver heard a more perfect match of a book with a narrator. The pace, the phrasing, the nuance, the innuendo built into the reading was excellent. I was so impressed by McCallum's reading that I had hoped to find other historical volumes narrated by him. I'm sorry to say that I found only novels.
Se ha producido un error. Vuelve a intentarlo dentro de unos minutos.
Has calificado esta reseña.
Reportaste esta reseña
esto le resultó útil a 17 personas
-
Total
-
Ejecución
-
Historia
- Serge Tkach
- 04-01-17
Highly recommend!
Informative, entertaining, fascinating and eye-opening. A must-read for anyone interested in psychopaths or Soviet history!
Se ha producido un error. Vuelve a intentarlo dentro de unos minutos.
Has calificado esta reseña.
Reportaste esta reseña
-
Total
- Matt
- 06-18-05
Great Narration
The narrator is tremendous. As another reviewer mentioned, his voice is perfect this book. He really captures the evil, deception, and debauchery of the times. He is slightly British sounding.
This is overall a good, interesting, and revealing book about Stalin. However, the reader/listener should be aware that at times Radzinsky takes a position that is not widespread. A few example are: Stalin was preparing to start for World War 3, his breakdown during WWII was just an act to test the loyalty of his cohorts, Stalin was not surprised by the German attack in 1941, and Stalin was planning to attack Germany before they attacked him. Radzinsky builds his case for his interpretations often times on circumstantial evidence or something someone told him. I am no expert on the subjects, so I can't say he is wrong. I just know that based on my other readings of Stalin, some of his assertions are not widely held.
The abridged audio version focuses mostly on the Bolsheviek's rise to power, Stalin's rise to power, the Great Terror of the late 1930's, World War II, and the terror and purges after the war.
Overall, highly recommended, just beware of a few of Radzinsky's uncommon interpretations.
Se ha producido un error. Vuelve a intentarlo dentro de unos minutos.
Has calificado esta reseña.
Reportaste esta reseña
esto le resultó útil a 14 personas
-
Total
-
Ejecución
-
Historia
- Mike From Mesa
- 04-20-13
Humiliating the living dead
I bought this book thinking it was a biography of Stalin. It is not and you will not find much about his young life, his marriage and children, his life in the early Communist Party and so on. Rather the book is a study of Stalin during a series of political crisis, many of his own devising, how he came to dominate the Communist Party and State, how he disposed of his rivals and how he maintained that control. It is a frightening portrait of how one person could terrify first a party organization and then an entire state. It is also a view of how a ruthless person who has no controls on his behavior can keep and maintain terror as a weapon.
The author's family apparently grew up in Russia during the time of Stalin and this connection allows him to add a personal touch to the episodes in this book. The very first story in the book concerns Stalin's birth and how the entire Soviet State observed a fictitious anniversary on his “birthday”. This episode is meant, I assume, to assure us that everything we thought we knew about Stalin as likely to be wrong and simply a device through which the dictator fashioned and maintained the information the public thought they knew about him.
Most of the information is related to Stalin's seizure and maintenance of power. Other events, such as the Second World War, occupy little or no space at all. However the re-imposition of terror after the Soviet Union's victory in World War II is given a great deal of space as is his plans for a final round of terror prior to a new war. The book is chilling and one is left with the feeling that only providence prevented World War III.
While much in this book was surprising to me perhaps most surprising was the willingness of some of Stalin's victims to be victims. Their loyalty was more to the Communist Party and the Soviet State than to their own lives and they were prepared to be humiliated and degraded rather than be seen as varying from “the party line”. This seemed to be true of almost all of the early Communist revolutionaries with the exception of Trotsky who never was willing to bend to Stalin.
The title I gave to this review is from a line in the book. Stalin's associates apparently knew that their day would come and felt that as long as he was humiliating them, they were safe. Hence the line – humiliating the living dead. They knew they were, as the expression goes, dead men walking, and he seemed to get a great deal of pleasure out of humiliating the living knowing that they were eventually doomed to be killed in one of his purges. And their view of Stalin is shown in the story of how Khrushchev acted when he found Stalin almost dead from a stroke. While I had read this story before Khrushchev's actions explain perfectly the way Stalin's associates viewed him.
While this book did not give me much information about Stalin's life outside of his struggle to gain and then maintain power, he left me with much more knowledge about this despot than I had before and I feel that it was well worth reading. The narration, by David McCallum, was powerful and perfectly suited for the subject. I would have given it 6 stars had I been able to.
Highly recommended with some warnings. It is not a biography and it is not for young children.
Se ha producido un error. Vuelve a intentarlo dentro de unos minutos.
Has calificado esta reseña.
Reportaste esta reseña
esto le resultó útil a 8 personas
-
Total
- Jeeper
- 05-14-09
Entertaining and Educational!
I'm a Russophile to begin with, and have always found tyrants fascinating. Edvard Radzinsky's 'Stalin' brought to light many things I never knew about Stalin and the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. McCallum's narration is awesome and very easy to listen to.
Se ha producido un error. Vuelve a intentarlo dentro de unos minutos.
Has calificado esta reseña.
Reportaste esta reseña
esto le resultó útil a 1 persona
-
Total
-
Ejecución
-
Historia
- Kyle
- 03-02-21
Everyone should read this
Everyone should read this book. It gives perspective on to what the corrupt world wants. The Stalin movement is still going and Americans need to open their eyes to recognize it.
Se ha producido un error. Vuelve a intentarlo dentro de unos minutos.
Has calificado esta reseña.
Reportaste esta reseña
-
Total
- Fran Hack
- 07-13-19
Abridged
Why is this not noted as an abridgement of this book. The whole book is wonderful.
Se ha producido un error. Vuelve a intentarlo dentro de unos minutos.
Has calificado esta reseña.
Reportaste esta reseña
esto le resultó útil a 5 personas