
Geschichte Frankreichs Basiswissen - Damals bis heute
Ereignisse, Personen, Zusammenhänge
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Narrated by:
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René Wagner
About this listen
Die bedeutsame Geschichte Frankreichs war seit Jahrhunderten geprägt von politischen, kulturellen und sozialen Veränderungen. Im 1. Jahrhundert v. Chr. eroberten die Römer ein Gebiet, das sie Gallien nannten, und integrierten es in ihr Reich. Mit dem Zusammenbruch des Römischen Reiches im 5. Jahrhundert n. Chr. begann eine Periode verschiedener Königreiche auf dem Gebiet des heutigen Frankreichs.
Im Mittelalter etablierte sich das Frankenreich unter der Führung von Karl dem Großen. Nach seinem Tod wurde das Gebiet unter seinen Erben aufgeteilt. Verschiedene Dynastien wie die Kapetinger, die Valois und die Bourbonen entstanden. Im Hundertjährigen Krieg im 14. und 15. Jahrhundert kämpfte Frankreich gegen England um die Vorherrschaft in Europa.
Die französische Renaissance im 16. Jahrhundert war geprägt von einer Blütezeit der Kunst, Literatur und Wissenschaft unter der Herrschaft von Königen wie Franz I. und Heinrich IV. Gleichzeitig entstanden religiöse Konflikte, insbesondere zwischen Katholiken und Protestanten.
Im 17. Jahrhundert erreichte Frankreich unter der absolutistischen Herrschaft von König Ludwig XIV. große politische und kulturelle Bedeutung. Er betrieb Machtzentralisierung, baute den königlichen Hof in Versailles aus und führte zahlreiche Kriege zur Sicherung der französischen Vorherrschaft in Europa.
Die Französische Revolution von 1789 markierte einen Wendepunkt in der Weltgeschichte. Die Revolutionäre stürzten die Monarchie, riefen die Republik aus, schafften die Feudalherrschaft ab und erklärten Menschen- und Bürgerrechte. Es folgte eine Phase politischen Terrors, die Napoleon Bonaparte beendete. Der talentierte General ergriff 1799 die Macht, krönte sich 1804 zum Kaiser und eroberte weite Teile Europas, bevor er in den Koalitionskriegen besiegt wurde.
Im 19. Jahrhundert erlebte Frankreich wirtschaftliche Modernisierung und Imperialismus, wobei es Kolonien in Afrika, Asien und Ozeanien gewaltsam eroberte.
Im 20. Jahrhundert durchlitt Frankreich zwei Weltkriege. Während des Ersten Weltkriegs litt das Land unter großen Zerstörungen, konnte jedoch letztlich zum Sieg der Alliierten beitragen. Die Zwischenkriegszeit war von politischer Instabilität geprägt.
Im Zweiten Weltkrieg wurde Frankreich 1940 von Nazi-Deutschland besetzt und später von den Alliierten befreit. Die Phase nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg war von konfliktreicher Dekolonisierung und beachtlichem Wirtschaftswachstum geprägt. In der zweiten Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts spielte Frankreich eine wichtige Rolle als Gründungsmitglied der Europäischen Union.
Frankreich bleibt ein kulturelles Zentrum mit einem reichen Erbe an Kunst, Literatur, Musik, Filmen und Architektur sowie eine moderne demokratische Republik und eine der führenden Wirtschaftsnationen der Welt. Seine bewunderte Hauptstadt Paris zieht Touristen aus aller Welt an.
Das Hörbuch liest der erfahrene Sprecher René Wagner mit gewohnt angenehmer Stimme.
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