Friedrich Engels (1820–1895) – Basiswissen
Leben, Werke, Bedeutung
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Narrated by:
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Carsten Wilhelm
About this listen
Friedrich Engels – Mitbegründer des Marxismus Der Autor und Herausgeber Bert Alexander Petzold erläutert verständlich und strukturiert Basiswissen zum Mitbegründer des Marxismus. Friedrich Engels (1820–1895) wurde am 28. November 1820 in Barmen, Deutschland, geboren und wuchs in einer wohlhabenden, protestantischen Familie auf. Sein Vater war Textilfabrikant, was ihn schon früh mit den Verhältnissen der Arbeiterklasse vertraut machte. Friedrich Engels entwickelte ein starkes Interesse an Philosophie und Literatur, was ihn zu den Werken Hegels und den frühen sozialistischen Theorien führte.
Friedrich Engels verließ Deutschland 1842 und zog nach Manchester in England, um in der Baumwollspinnerei seines Vaters zu arbeiten. Dort wurde er Zeuge der miserablen Lebens- und Arbeitsbedingungen der Arbeiterklasse, was ihn tief beeindruckte und sein politisches Engagement verstärkte. Seine Erfahrungen verarbeitete er in seinem ersten bedeutenden Werk "Die Lage der arbeitenden Klasse in England" (1845).
Während seines Aufenthalts in Paris 1844 traf Friedrich Engels auf Karl Marx. Die beiden begannen eine enge Zusammenarbeit und Freundschaft, die ihr Leben und Werk nachhaltig prägte. Friedrich Engels unterstützte Karl Marx finanziell und intellektuell und gemeinsam entwickelten sie die Grundlagen des wissenschaftlichen Sozialismus. Ein Ergebnis ihrer Zusammenarbeit war "Die heilige Familie" (1845), eine Kritik der Junghegelianer, und das berühmte "Kommunistische Manifest" (1848), das zur Vereinigung der Arbeiterklasse und zum Sturz des kapitalistischen Systems aufrief.
Nach der gescheiterten Revolution von 1848 in Deutschland kehrte Friedrich Engels nach England zurück, um erneut als Textilunternehmer zu arbeiten. Nach dem Tod von Karl Marx im Jahr 1883 widmete sich Friedrich Engels der Herausgabe und Veröffentlichung der restlichen Bände von "Das Kapital". Friedrich Engels’ eigene Arbeiten umfassen auch "Der Ursprung der Familie, des Privateigentums und des Staats" (1884), in dem er die Entwicklung von sozialen Institutionen und Klassenstrukturen aus einer materialistischen Perspektive untersuchte. Engels spielte eine zentrale Rolle in der internationalen sozialistischen Bewegung und trug wesentlich zur Verbreitung und Popularisierung des Marxismus bei. Friedrich Engels starb am 5. August 1895 in London.
Die Theorien des Marxismus, zu deren Entwicklung Friedrich Engels entscheidend beitrug, haben die globale politische Landschaft des 20. Jahrhunderts nachhaltig geprägt. Sie dienten als ideologische Grundlage zur Machtsicherung autoritärer, sozialistischer Regime, insbesondere in der Sowjetunion, der Volksrepublik China und der DDR. Häufig wurden abgewandelte Formen des Marxismus praktiziert, wie der Leninismus, der Trotzkismus und der von der Studentenbewegung der 1968er Jahre idealisierte Maoismus.
Die Ideen von Friedrich Engels und Karl Marx über Klassenkampf, Ausbeutung und gesellschaftliche Veränderungen werden mitunter als Sozialromantik abgelehnt, dennoch sind diese inzwischen tief in die sozialwissenschaftliche Theorie eingebettet und erleben, getrieben von Globalisierung und Klimawandel, eine Renaissance bei jungen Menschen.
Das Hörbuch liest der erfahrene Sprecher Carsten Wilhelm mit beachtlich markanter Stimme.
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