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فيديل كاسترو: ديكتاتور شيوعي في كوبا اللاتينية [Fidel Castro: Communist Dictator in Latin Cuba]
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فيديل كاسترو: ديكتاتور شيوعي في كوبا اللاتينية [Fidel Castro: Communist Dictator in Latin Cuba]
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Narrated by:
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أحمد خيري
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By:
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ميساء خضير
About this listen
فيدل أليخاندرو كاسترو ولد في ١٣ أغسطس من عام ١٩٢٦، كان رئيساً لكوبا منذ عام ١٩٥٩، بعدما أطاح بحكومة (فولغينسيو باتيستا) بثورة عسكرية ليصبح رئيس الوزراء حتى عام 2008. كان كاسترو في 1965 أمين الحزب الشيوعي في كوبا وقاد تحويل البلاد إلى النظام الشيوعي ونظام حكم الحزب الوحيد. وأصبح في عام 1976 رئيس مجلس الدولة ومجلس الوزراء، وكان أعلى قائد عسكري.
بدأ كاسترو خلافه مع الولايات المتحدة عندما أمم بعض الشركات الأميركية العاملة في كوبا. وفي عام 1960 بدأ يشتري النفط من الاتحاد السوفياتي لسد احتياجات السوق المحلي، وعندما رفضت شركات تكرير النفط الأميركية العاملة في كوبا تحسين شروط تكريرها للنفط وتوفيره في الأسواق أممها كاسترو، ما أدى إلى قطع العلاقات الدبلوماسية مع الولايات المتحدة وبدأت كوبا حينها التوجه ناحية الاتحاد السوفياتي. أصبحت كوبا ساحة قتال إبان الحرب الباردة بسبب التقارب بينها وبين الاتحاد السوفياتي.
وفي أبريل/نيسان 1961 قادت الولايات المتحدة محاولة فاشلة لإسقاط حكومة كاسترو بتجنيدها جيشا خاصا من المنفيين الكوبيين لغزو الجزيرة. وفي خليج الخنازير مني الغزاة بهزيمة منكرة وقتلت القوات الكوبية كثيراً منهم وأسرت ألفاً آخرين.
وبعد عام على محاولة الانقلاب الفاشلة رصدت طائرات الاستطلاع الأميركية صواريخ سوفياتية متجهة إلى مواقع في أميركا، الأمر الذي أصاب العالم بالفزع من الانزلاق إلى حرب نووية شاملة. ووقفت القوتان العظميان وقفة الند للند، لكن الزعيم السوفياتي خورتشوف بادر بسحب الصواريخ من كوبا في مقابل سحب الأسلحة الأميركية من تركيا. ومنذ ذلك الوقت أصبح كاسترو العدو الأول للولايات المتحدة، وحاولت الاستخبارات الأميركية اغتياله أكثر من 600 مرة كما جاء على لسان أحد الوزراء الكوبيين. وكان من بين الأفكار الغريبة لاغتياله محاولة جعله يدخن سيجاره المفضل وهو محشو بالمتفجرات.
خلال فترة حكم كاسترو خطت كوبا خطى واسعة في مجالت عدة منها الرعاية الطبية التي أصبحت في عهده مجانية للجميع، وانخفضت معدلات وفيات الأطفال حتى أصبحت قريبة جداً من الدول الغربية المتقدمة، وكذلك في مجال معرفة القراءة والكتابة التي وصلت نسبتها إلى 98%. توفي فيدل كاسترو في هافانا عاصمة كوبا، يوم الجمعة 25 نوفمبر 2016 عن عمر يزيد على ٩٠ عاماً.
Please note: This audiobook is in Arabic.
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