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Erstens & Zweitens
- Geschichten für Kinder von Daniil Charms
- Narrated by: Rafaela Kloubert
- Length: 1 hr and 6 mins
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Publisher's summary
Erstens & Zweitens - Geschichten für Kinder von Daniil Charms, erzählt von Rafaela Kloubert, musikalisch eingerahmt von Aleksandra Walczak.
- Erstens und Zweitens
- Die alte Frau, die Tinte kaufen wollte
- Märchen
- Die Reise nach Brasilien oder Wie Kolja Pankin nach Brasilien flog und Petja Erschow ihm nichts glauben wollte.
Daniil Charms, eigentlich Daniil Iwanowitsch Juwatschow, wurde 1906 in Petersburg geboren. 1927 gründete Charms zusammen mit den Schriftstellern Alexander Wwedenskij und Nikolaj Sabolotzki die avantgardistische Künstlervereinigung 'Oberiu' (Vereinigung für reale Kunst). In ihrem dada-ähnlichen Manifest forderten sie die Gleichberechtigung von Literatur, Film, Theater und Bildender Kunst. Ihre erste öffentliche, spektakuläre Veranstaltung fand unter dem Motto "Die Kunst ist ein Schrank" 1928 im Haus der Presse statt. Schon zwei Jahre später wurde die Gruppe als staatsfeindlich erklärt und verboten, ihre Mitglieder verhaftet. Daniil Charms absurde, mitunter nonsenshaft-skurrilen Werke wurden kulturpolitisch unterdrückt. Charms wich in die Kinderliteratur als Existenzgrundlage aus.
1928, dem ersten Jahr seiner Mitarbeit in der Leningrader Abteilung für Kinderliteratur des Staatsverlags, wurden sein Gedicht Iwan Iwanowitsch Samowar und die drei Erzählungen Die Reise nach Brasilien oder Wie Kolja Pankin nach Brasilien flog und Petja Erschow ihm nichts glauben wollte, Erstens und zweitens und Die alte Frau, die Tinte kaufen wollte gedruckt; außerdem erschienen vier Kinderbücher in Massenauflagen.
1941 wurde Charms verhaftet. Er wurde wegen "feindlicher Tätigkeit in der Kinderliteratur" zu drei Jahren Lagerhaft verurteilt, die Strafe wurde jedoch in Verbannung in die Provinzstadt Kursk umgewandelt. Nach fünf Monaten durfte er nach Leningrad zurückkehren. Für unzurechnungsfähig erklärt, wurde Charms zur Zwangsheilung in eine Gefängnispsychiatrie eingewiesen. Er starb im Februar 1942 in dieser Haftanstalt. Vermutlich ließ man ihn während der Blockade Leningrads verhungern. 1956, im Zuge der Entstalinisierung, wurde Charms offiziell rehabilitiert - dies galt allerdings nur für seine Kinderbücher.
Diese Tragik merkt man seinen virtuosen Kindererzählungen nicht an. Erstens und zweitens feiert die gegenseitige Hilfe, die von den Stärken und dem Einfallsreichtum eines jeden Einzelnen profitiert, aber nie ist einer allein seinen anderen Reisebegleitern überlegen. Natürlich kam diese Moral im Sowjetreich der dreißiger Jahre, im Zeitalter der erzwungenen Kollektivierung, bei den damals Regierenden gut an. Doch Charms' Helden ordnen sich nicht unter, wie es die kommunistische Führung von ihren Untertanen erwartete, nein, sie sind freie Menschen, stets auf der Suche nach neuen Herausforderungen.
In Russland kennt jedes Kind seine unvergleichlichen Geschichten - hier kann und muss man Daniil Charms als Autor für Kinder noch entdecken.
Aus dem Russischen neu übertragen von Peter Eckhart Reichel. Coverabbildung: Shutterstock Artikel-ID: 1407435689 by Orla. Coverschrift gesetzt aus der Alphakind. Musik: Unter Verwendung von Ausschnitten aus der Cello Suite No.1 in G-Dur von Johann Sebastian Bach: Prelude, Allermande, Courante, gespielt von Aleksandra Walczak. Alle anderen Sounds & FX: freesound.org.
Über die Sprecherin:
Rafaela Kloubert, geb. 1982, studierte Rhetorik und Sprachen in Tübingen und Köln. Nach einer Gesangsausbildung arbeitet sie seit vielen Jahren als Sängerin und ist als Rednerin bzw. Moderatorin auf diversen privaten und öffentlichen Veranstaltungen, aber auch im Studio tätig. 2020 absolvierte sie eine Sprecherausbildung.
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