Denmark Vesey's Garden

Slavery and Memory in the Cradle of the Confederacy

By: Ethan J. Kytle, Blain Roberts

Narrated by: Tom Perkins

A book that strikes at the heart of the recent flare-ups over Confederate symbols in Charlottesville, New Orleans, and elsewhere, Denmark Vesey's Garden reveals the deep roots of these controversies and traces them to the heart of slavery in the United States: Charleston, South Carolina, where almost half of the US slave population stepped onto our shores, where the first shot at Fort Sumter began the Civil War, and where Dylann Roof shot nine people at Emanuel A.M.E. Church, the congregation of Denmark Vesey, a black revolutionary who plotted a massive slave insurrection in 1822.

As early as 1865, former slaveholders and their descendants began working to preserve a romanticized memory of the antebellum South. In contrast, former slaves, their descendants, and some white allies have worked to preserve an honest, unvarnished account of slavery as the cruel system it was.

Examining public rituals, controversial monuments, and whitewashed historical tourism, Denmark Vesey's Garden tracks these two rival memories from the Civil War all the way to contemporary times, where two segregated tourism industries still reflect these opposing impressions of the past, exposing a hidden dimension of America's deep racial divide.

©2018 Ethan J. Kytle and Blain Roberts (P)2018 HighBridge, a division of Recorded Books

Not Just History - An Excellent Book!

This book should be required reading for all history students and those interested in history itself. Kytle and Roberts provide a comprehensive study of the historical roots for our modern understanding of slavery and the Civil War. The book’s structure is an excellent narrative in how we construct the history of specific events (like the slave trade) through our shared memory via individuals who publish on and promote certain ideologies. It is important for historians and everyday readers to consider this when looking at remnants of the past still present in our lives. Thoroughly enjoyed listening to this.

Timely, well-written and enlightening.

A thorough, eye-opening and carefully documented history of the alternative memories of slavery in Charleston. Given current events, it could not be more relevant!

One city’s story of America’s Original Sin

Excellent research and storytelling. Well read. Good to read in light of the current (2023) erasure of Black History (notably in Florida, but throughout the land). Charleston—the city, the opulence—was built by slave labor. Slowly the city is telling this story, but as this book points out, progress is halting and sometimes it retreats. Everyone who claims to know Charleston’s history must read and digest this book.

Historical Memory matters

Summary: An exploration of how historical memory has changed over time using Charleston, SC, as an example. 

I have been fascinated with the concept of historical memory. I was introduced to the concept earlier, but the first book I read that concentrated on historical memory is Race and Reunion: The Civil War in American Memory by David Blight. Since then, I have read several books that take on more aspects of historical memory, like Myth America and A More Beautiful and Terrible History: The Uses and Misuses of Civil Rights History by Jeanne Theoharis.

Denmark Vesey's Garden is similar to Race and Reunion. Still, instead of an expansive look at a shorter time (a national look at the 50 years after the Civil War in Race and Reunion), Denmark Vesey's Garden was a narrow geography but went from the Antebellum era until the 2010s. This means they complement one another well. What I wanted more from Race and Reunion was a more extended period, and Denmark Vesey's Garden was able to show not just the intentional misremembering of history but also the movement back toward a more accurate memory.

There was a good section on music, especially the spirituals and their role in historical memory. By this account, it was primarily white preservationists who maintained the Gullah spirituals. There was an intentional preservation aspect to these (segregated) white choirs who performed spirituals. Still, their preservation work also assumed white supremacy because they did not believe that Black musicians could preserve the spirituals. These white groups ignored the Black, often church-based, musicians preserving the music in parallel. In addition to the paternalistic attitudes that believed that white preservation was needed, there was a reluctance for many Black singers to perform for white audiences because of the ways that white audiences expected stereotyped performances. This book cites Howard Thurman's autobiography, discussing how Thurman, as a student, did not like singing for white audiences because of the cultural prejudice about what white audiences understood spirituals to be about. It is not that Thurman did not like the spirituals; he has a book about their importance; it is that he did not like how white audiences coded their prejudice on the music and performance.

I was surprised how early tourism impacted the historical memory in Charleston. Tourism arose as a significant part of the Charleston economy within a few years of the end of the Civil War, and by the mid-1930s, an estimated 300,000 tourists a year were visiting. These tourists came from the north and south and had different expectations of what they would see. It is frankly shocking to me that through the mid-20th century, there was a denial of slave trading as an actual thing that happened in Charleston, even though we know today that Charleston was the largest entry point of enslaved people in the US. In some ways, the reality of how tourism works is part of the development of historical memory. The US has always wanted its tourism to be educational, but a particular type of educational. Tourists mostly wanted to see big houses and stereotypical plantations influenced by media like Gone With the Wind. Understanding how slavery actually worked was not high on the list of the type of education most tourists were looking for. It was not until the 1990s that National Parks and museums or other tours started even to offer a more balanced historical approach to slavery. How the Word Is Passed: A Reckoning with the History of Slavery Across America by Clint Smith is very good at exploring how slavery is handled at tourist sites today, but Denmark Vesey's Garden gives some historical background.

We must grapple with historical memory because our current memory is distorted. I live in Georgia; in 2021, a law about how schools can handle controversial topics was passed. As part of the law, it says that the country cannot be presented as being systemically racist. There are some exceptions for presenting history, but what I think is important for topics like the Dred Scott ruling and the Civil War and issues of historical memory is that the country was systemically racist. I am curious to know how it is possible to meet the requirements of the GA law and accurately teach Dred Scott, an 8th-grade social studies standard. Nikki Haley's comments about the cause of the Civil War were influenced by Lost Cause mythology. And while South Carolina stopped flying the Confederate Battle Flag over the capitol while she was governor, perceptions of what people are willing to hear will influence what politicians are willing to say.

If we do not know how history was repressed and how it has been rediscovered again, we will not understand how false memory influences current reality. I know some reasons why, but it is common that reports on the historical influences of slavery or racism on institutions tend to stop before confronting current history. Southern Baptist Seminary's 2018 report on its history stopped in the 1960s. Wheaton College's report stopped at about 2000. One of the encouraging facts of this book is that it went up until about 2015, just before the book was published. That recent history and a clear-eyed look at how recently false memories were taught as fact must be understood and addressed.

Excellent history of slavery and reconstruction in Charleston, SC

the authors did a great job of providing a history of race- and whitewashing- in Charleston, SC. I’ve lived here almost 30 years, but I learned so many things from this book.

The narrator has a great voice, and performed it well. However, Charleston has so many unique pronunciations the narrator got wrong. It should really be edited to correctly pronounce Huger, Maczyk, Clementa, Gaillard, Simons, Legare…and a few others I can’t remember.

Not What I Expected!

Expected history of Denmark Vesey more so than the history of south Carolina. 2 more words!