Vakıflar - Hayrât Medeniyeti
Anadolu'da Medeniyetin Hikayesi 11
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Narrado por:
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Mehmet Atay
Acerca de esta escucha
Anadolu'da Medeniyetin Hikayesi serisinin yeni bölümlerinden bildirim yoluyla haberdar olmak için seriyi takip etmeyi lütfen unutmayın.
Başlangıçta, bireysel hayırseverlik ve sevap işleme duygusundan doğan vakıflar, sonradan, kamu yararı, inanç, sosyal sorumluluk ve aile dayanışması gibi motivasyonların da eklenmesiyle bir sosyal düzen aracı haline gelir. Zamanla birçok kamu hizmetini gerçekleştirmek için kullanılan hukuki bir müessese işlevini de görür. Böylece, sıbyan mektepleri, medreseler, sağlık, sosyal güvenlik ve sosyal yardım hizmetleri, yerel yönetimlerin birçok hizmeti, esnaf teşkilâtları, ordu yardımlaşma kurumları, kısaca kamu yararı bulunan her hizmetin aksamadan ve sürekli olarak yerine getirilmesi için vakıf müessesesine başvurulmuştur.
"Bir adam vakıf bir evde doğar, vakıf beşikte uyur, vakıf mallardan yer ve içer, vakıf kitaplardan okur, vakıf bir okulda hocalık eder, vakıf idaresinden ücretini alır, öldüğü zaman vakıf bir tabuta konur ve vakıf bir mezarlığa gömülürdü"
Vakıf müessesesine bazı benzerlikler taşıyan örneklere Hammurabi kanununda, eski Mısır’da, eski Yunan ve Roma hukukunda, dolayısıyla Bizans’ta; günümüzde de, İslâm’dakinden farklı bir düşünceyle, Cermen hukukunda, Fransa’da, İngiliz ve Amerikan hukukunda da (trust, foundation adlarıyla) rastlanır.
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