Osmanlı'da Bilim ve Eğitim
Anadolu'da Medeniyetin Hikayesi 19
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Narrado por:
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Mehmet Atay
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De:
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Necdet Sakaoğlu
Acerca de esta escucha
Anadolu'da Medeniyetin Hikayesi serisinin yeni bölümlerinden bildirim yoluyla haberdar olmak için seriyi takip etmeyi lütfen unutmayın.
Bilim ve düşünce tarihine “Büyük Yüzyıl” adıyla geçen 17’nci yüzyılda Türkler, Avrupa’da vuku bulan gelişmelere yabancı kaldı. Londra'da Royal Society of Arts, Paris’te Académie des Sciences gibi kurumlar bilimsel temas, paylaşım ve tartışma ortamları yaratırken Türkiye, hâlâ matematik, fizik, tabii bilimler ve tıptaki yeni buluşların farkına varmamıştı. Devletin uğradığı ekonomik felâketler, askerî bozgunlar, sosyal çöküntüler ve ahlâk bunalımları üzerinde fikir yürüten Osmanlı uleması ve yöneticileri, İslâmın emirlerine sıkı sıkıya uyulursa her şeyin tekrar yoluna gireceğinden daima emin oldular ve eğitimi bu yönde yapılandırdılar.
Bu noktada bazı yanlış anlamalara neden olan bir tartışmayı da açıklıkla ele almak gerekir: Hiçbir din, sadece din olma özelliğinden dolayı gerilik sebebi değildir. Alman sosyolog Weber, Protestanların kapitalizmin ve sanayinin gelişmesinde önemli rol oynadıkları, Katoliklerin ise kayda değer bir ekonomik gelişme sağlamadıkları şeklinde bazı karşılaştırmalar yapmayı denemiştir. Fakat, din gerçekten gerilik nedeni olsaydı, Katolik Avrupalılar bilimsel ve teknolojik değişmeyi, Şinto ve Buda inançlarına bağlı Japonlar bugünkü Japon mucizesini gerçekleştiremezlerdi. Hiçbir dine, bir toplumu geri bırakmak ya da ileri götürmek gibi bir fonksiyon yüklenmesi doğru değildir. İslâmiyetin yaygın olduğu ülkelerin ekonomik, sınaî, bilimsel ve teknolojik alanlardaki geri kalmışlığından dolayı, İslâmiyeti gerilik sebebi olarak suçlamak bilimsel bir yöntemle kanıtlanamaz. Din ile kalkınma arasındaki ilişkilere dair iddiaların hepsi ampirik ve taraflı yargılardan ibarettir.
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