How to Avoid a Climate Disaster

The Solutions We Have and the Breakthroughs We Need

De: Bill Gates

Narrado por: Wil Wheaton, Bill Gates

In this urgent, authoritative book, Bill Gates sets out a wide-ranging, practical - and accessible - plan for how the world can get to zero greenhouse gas emissions in time to avoid a climate catastrophe.

Bill Gates has spent a decade investigating the causes and effects of climate change. With the help of experts in the fields of physics, chemistry, biology, engineering, political science, and finance, he has focused on what must be done in order to stop the planet's slide to certain environmental disaster. In this book, he not only explains why we need to work toward net-zero emissions of greenhouse gases, but also details what we need to do to achieve this profoundly important goal.

He gives us a clear-eyed description of the challenges we face. Drawing on his understanding of innovation and what it takes to get new ideas into the market, he describes the areas in which technology is already helping to reduce emissions, where and how the current technology can be made to function more effectively, where breakthrough technologies are needed, and who is working on these essential innovations. Finally, he lays out a concrete, practical plan for achieving the goal of zero emissions - suggesting not only policies that governments should adopt, but what we as individuals can do to keep our government, our employers, and ourselves accountable in this crucial enterprise.

As Bill Gates makes clear, achieving zero emissions will not be simple or easy to do, but if we follow the plan he sets out here, it is a goal firmly within our reach.

This audiobook includes a downloadable PDF of charts, graphs, and pictures from the book.

PLEASE NOTE: When you purchase this title, the accompanying PDF will be available in your Audible Library along with the audio.

©2020 Bill Gates (P)2020 Random House Audio

Reseñas de la Crítica

"Gates gathers advice from experts while laying out his vision for technological innovations that could reduce greenhouse gases and stop the warming of the planet. If even some of his plans work, this might be the most important book of the year.” —CNN

“One of the most accessible, practical, and interesting books on the topic to emerge since Al Gore’s An Inconvenient Truth.” —Oprah Daily

“The most comprehensible explanation for what’s driving our warming planet; how to measure the impact of the myriad contributions to this staggering and seemingly incalculable problem; and ultimately how to go about finding more effective approaches to each of them. It’s the closest thing I’ve seen to a how-to guide for addressing the climate crisis.” —Clinton Leaf, Fortune

Be curious, not furious

Gates deserves credit for aiming to reach a broad audience to further the goal of mitigating a climate disaster. He's the first to point out he's an imperfect messenger; with one petty exception that I'll discuss below, I kept an open mind. I appreciated Gates' insights and learned a few things. That said, such a vast undertaking in an easy to read book is bound to have shortcomings; Gates urges us to focus more on the positives, realizing he can't make everyone happy. So let me try to phrase my criticism below constructively. Before I head into the criticism, Wheaton does a great job reading the book. Also, the book is inspiring - which I gather is the whole point of it. Personally, as I was listening, I had an idea that could be useful in advancing the cause, if only by a tiny bit, and be reasonably easy to implement; I'll mention it at the end. If others are inspired and take on tasks, small and large, the book was worth writing.

While Gates had a small business startup that serves small business, he quickly grew it into a big business. His foundation interacts with governments. While that is helpful in understanding complexities on a global level, we must make sure we don't lose sight of the needs of small business if we want his policy ideas to work. He proposes an array of policies and incentives. We must remember that red tape - which is the ugly cousin of policy - increases not only cost, but also barrier to entry, it stifles innovation. The US has a more dynamic economy than Europe because it is less regulated. The shale revolution that lead the US to energy independence came about because of it; you may think shale is part of the problem, and to an extent it is, but Gates rightfully points out that some of the technologies developed for it may well be part of the solution. I'm not arguing we don't need government policy. But what we need is to have as many stakeholders as possible on the table. When Gates proposes labeling of goods according to the carbon footprint, we all get that in theory this may be a very helpful stepping stone. But how do we implement that without driving smaller suppliers out of business?

Gates mentions a carbon tax and/or cap and trade as a crucial part of providing "incentives". The theory of this clear: tax carbons, provide incentives to get fewer of them. Gates almost entirely sidesteps the political dimension of this, presumably in part because, well, he doesn't want to be too political. But we must tackle the political dimension if this isn't supposed to be yet another book that will make those agreeing with Gates feel good, but have rather limited impact. It is crucial to build broad/bipartisan support on any policy for many reasons Gates references, but he leaves it up to the reader to connect the dots: If policy is passed, who stops the next government to reverse it? In an age of hyper-partisanship it's not easy. A carbon tax is one of the few ways government can raise large amounts of money; understandably, those opposing it suggest it gives government a license to spend, to build ever larger governments. Even if you don't agree to this, that's how many people think. We must square this circle; if we can, many of the other challenges presented in the book become solvable. That's because an economy adjusts to "incentives" and the moment you start taxing carbon, people will find ways to use less of it; the less you micro-manage it, the more innovation will strive. Alas, the taxing part is a huge deal.

Gates mentions international trade agreements may need to be renegotiated if we want to make sure stuff we import is also to some sort of "incentive" (carbon penalty) to be less carbon intensive. Anyone who has followed trade negotiations knows these are complex topics. I wish Gates had spent a little more time on this subject. I don't recall him mentioning once that the very foundation of trade, WTO, needs to be rethought. If the US were to impose import tariffs based on carbon, it would likely violate WTO rules; retaliatory tariffs would be imposed, everyone loses (unless one has the attitude that less trade is better; for purposes of this review, let's agree with Gates' premise that global growth is a good thing, we need to figure out how to do this without wrecking the planet). Gates sounds almost Trumpian by suggesting if you want to trade with us, you've got to play by our rules on carbon; it may need someone like a green Trump to break and rebuild the WTO. Try to square that circle with the aforementioned call for bipartisanship. Trade is immensely important.

Let me wrap this up by mentioning a personal idea - not in the belief that this will solve the climate crisis, but if everyone is motivated to share an idea, it increases the odds really good ones make it to the market: let's encourage weather apps to not only show sun, clouds, rain, wind, but also metrics on the carbon footprint of energy consumption for the local community based on time of day. I'm writing this from California where energy used during peak hours turns from green to brown. Most in California have heard calls to take this into account when they run an appliance, but if this was available on your favorite weather app, I would think there would not only be greater awareness, but usage patterns would also change. Companies like Google should be able to estimate such data already based on a variety of sources, then re-publish them in a standard format, so that apps can tap into them. If the idea takes off, there can be push to provide more standardized data by utility companies, making the data a firm like Google republishes more accurate/meaningful. And once an API is built, this isn't just useful for consumers on their weather app, but can help industrial use. In addition to consumers, many businesses pay electricity rates based on time of day. There's really little reason why this can't be more refined - I'm not suggesting different pricing based on each minute of the day, but if businesses had access to an API that suggested when exactly the energy is greenest, they can adjust their usage. Not all businesses, of course. My personal experience is with a well pump that feeds water into storage tanks; the water is used to irrigate agricultural land. The pump used to run whenever the water tank level fell below a threshold. A while ago, I added a $5 chip with simple programming; the pump now gives priority to the off hours, unless water tank levels fall below a certain threshold (okay, that sensor was more than $5); it would be simple enough to tap into an API that prioritizes based on how green the energy is off the grid. Such approaches have further benefits; in my example, because we added sensors, we learned about water leaks at times weeks earlier than we would have otherwise, further saving not just water, but the need to run the water pump. I mention this example not because I think my 15hp water pump will save the planet, but to illustrate that simple ideas could have a wide range of applications, and those add up.

I gave this review the title 'be curious, not furious' because a undertaking such as Gates' gives plenty of reasons to disagree with specifics - I have several as I read the book. However, I agree with Gates that we should focus on where we agree, and find ways to execute those ideas.

p.s.: as mentioned in the beginning, I can't help but raise one criticism; in the introduction, Gates references that we might have to limit access to power to only essential services during an emergency. The reference to 'essential' in my humble opinion is unfortunate. He likely wrote it before covid. I couldn't help but cringe, as it suggests Gates may not be able to relate to the tremendous hardship imposed on so many during the pandemic as they weren't considered essential workers. I trust Gates meant well, but as the pandemic showed, who and what is essential is in the eye of politicians that appear to rule on an ad hoc basis rather than a well thought out master plan in which many stakeholders were on the table.

51 billion, Zero and 30 years

These three numbers defined the problem space concisely and this really resonated with me. I am going to recommend this book to all my friends.

A much needed voice

Early 2020, a friend forwarded to me an email from a virology professor who was warning his inner circle of the danger posed by COVID19. At the time, the official discourse was downplaying the risk. I asked my friend why this influential man was not going public with his warning. She said that he did not want to be exposed to the negative press and social media that comes with being the bearer of bad news... Not everybody has the courage to speak an "inconvenient truth". Bill Gates does, and this despite the critics and the outrageous conspiracies theories about him. Kudos to him for that!
The book offers a general overview of the sources of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions that drive climate change and of the countermeasures that could slow it down or reverse it. A straight talker, Bill Gates does not try to sugarcoat how complex and multifaceted the issue is. Instead, he walks the reader through how GHG emissions play out in every aspect of our life. His presentation is clear and easy to follow. It is supported by references to facts and figures that might seem tedious to some readers (thankfully, they're safely tucked in the companion PDF).
Bill Gates takes clear positions. He argues what he sees as short or long-term priorities from an economic and a moral standpoint. He claims that government policies must urgently support innovation and investments in green technologies to speed up the reduction of their price premium and their adoption at scale. From a moral standpoint, Bill Gates argues that we must prevent that the poorer populations pay the highest price for a climate change they least contributed to.

Fantastic look at what we have and what we need

one of the best books/podcasts/articles that I've ever read on the subject of climate change. Bill Gates did an excellent job of laying out the problem areas, the history of emissions, current technologies, areas of active research, and a framework for moving forward. I will absolutely recommend this to a friend!

Successful at Educating the Listener

This is the third book I've read by Bill Gates and his vision of the world is clearly thought out. If you are a skeptic or don't know about details of how climate change impacts us all, there's no doubt you will have a positive and optimistic outlook after finishing this book. As always, well done Mr. Gates. Hats off to Will for clearly and articulating Bill's passion for our planet.

must have

Don't ignore this fact based book. it gives a structured framework to understand what's going on with climate change

Brilliantly informative!

Bill Gates covered so much in this book in relation to climate change, from the cause of it, to the effects of it, and how each individual, company, and government can work towards stopping it.

Informative without being overwhelming

Clear eyed view of the climate crisis, optimistic yet realistic about how difficult and expensive the changes will be, and the sacrifices that need to be made.

very good but geeky technical

very technical but straight forward had no problem listening. took about a week Maybe two

Hope and Reality

I’ve been waiting for Philanthropists like Bill Gates to recognize and take on climate change as the ultimate civilization ending challenge that it is. He has finally done so and is bringing the rest of the smart rich guys willing to do good along.

In listening to this book I was desperately seeking REAL ANSWERS. What exactly are the problems we need to address and what exactly are actions we need to take? This book provides those answers - whether you want

Having access to our best scientists Bill has researched and compiled a lists: here are the sources of green house gasses, these are the tools we have today to address these emissions and these are the areas in desperate need of innovation.

I was looking for hope. Having the true size and scope of the problem we face revealed has the potential to make one want to curl up and hide. But knowing Bill Gates and others are waking up is hopeful. Humanity could pivot radically. Massive change in our behavior to reduced consumption, new innovations in multiple industries and change in governmental policies could all happen with the force of a tidal wave. Couldn’t they?