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بينيتو موسوليني: دكتاتور إيطاليا الدوتشي ومؤسس الفاشية [Benito Mussolini: Italian Dictator and Founder of Fascism]
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بينيتو موسوليني: دكتاتور إيطاليا الدوتشي ومؤسس الفاشية [Benito Mussolini: Italian Dictator and Founder of Fascism]
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Narrado por:
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أحمد خيري
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De:
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ميساء خضير
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بينيتو أندريا موسوليني حاكم إيطاليا ما بين 1922 و1943 شغل منصب رئيس الدولة الإيطالية ورئيس وزرائها وفي بعض المراحل وزير الخارجية والداخلية. وهو من مؤسسي الحركة الفاشية الإيطالية وزعمائها، سمي بالدوتشي أي القائد من عام 1930م إلى 1943. يعتبر موسيليني من الشخصيات الرئيسية المهمة في خلق الفاشية.
دخل حزب العمال الوطني ولكنه خرج منه بسبب معارضة الحزب لدخول إيطاليا الحرب، عمل موسولني في تحرير صحيفة أفانتي (إلى الأمام) ومن ثَم أسس ما يعرف بوحدات الكفاح التي أصبحت النواة لحزبه الفاشي الذي وصل به الحكم بعد المسيرة التي خاضها من ميلانو في الشمال حتى العاصمة روما. دخل الحرب العالمية الثانية مع دول المحور. في ظل هزيمته حاول موسيليني الهروب إلى الشمال. في نهاية شهر أبريل من عام 1945 م ألقي القبض عليه وأعدمته حركة المقاومة الإيطالية مع أعوانه السبعة عشر بالقرب من بحيرة كومو أُخذت جثته مع عدد من أعوانه إلى ميلانو إلى محطة للبنزين وعُلقوا رأساً على عقب حتى يراهم عامة الناس ولتأكيد خبر موته.
ولد بينيتو موسوليني 29 يوليو 1883 وترعرع في قرية دوفيا دي بريدابيو، وهي قرية صغيرة تقع في مدينة فورلي بإقليم إميليا رومانيا شمال إيطاليا. ولد موسوليني لأبوين إيطاليين هما روزا وأليساندرو موسوليني وقد سمي بينيتو على اسم الرئيس الإصلاحي المكسيكي بينيتو خواريز بينيتو، أما اسميه الأوسطين أندريا وأميلكاري فكانا نسبة إلى الاشتراكيين الإيطاليين أندريا كوستا وأميلكاري سيبرياني، يعتبر بينيتو الابن الأكبر لوالديه ولديه شقيقان أصغر منه سناً هما أرنالدو وإيدفيج، كانت والدته معلمة في مدرسة كاثوليكية، أما أباه فقد كان اشتراكياً يعمل في الحدادة. كانت عائلته فقيرة كسائر عائلات الأقارب والجيران، وفي فترة طفولته كان همجياً ومتهوراً. ومُنع من دخول كنيسة والدته لسوء سلوكه، حيث كان يرمي رواد الكنيسة بالحجارة، ومن أجل وضع حل للتفاهم بينه وبين والدته وافق على الذهاب إلى مدرسة داخلية يديرها رهبان ساليزيون، وبدخوله للمدرسة حصل على درجات جيدة. في عام 1901م أصبح مؤهلاً ليكون ناظراً لمدرسة ابتدائية.
Please Note: This audiobook is in Arabic.
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